马克思线性生产框架下的生态可持续性测量  

Measurement of Ecological Sustainability in Marxist Linear Production Framework

作　　者：荆克迪[1,2] 钟荣盛 冯志轩 刘宜卓[4] Jing Kedi;Zhong Rongsheng;Feng Zhixuan;Liu Yizhuo(Center for Studies of Political Economy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学政治经济学研究中心,300071 [2]南开大学经济学院,300071 [3]中国人民大学经济学院,100872 [4]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,300350

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2021年第6期16-33,共18页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系与话语体系建设研究”(19JJD790006);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“生态文明视阈下的人类命运共同体思想研究”(19JD710058);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“推进供给侧结构性改革研究——基于马克思主义政治经济学的视角”(63202015);天津市哲学社会科学规划课题“新型城镇化视角下我国城市生态文明水平的空间分异研究”(TJYY17-003);南开大学亚洲研究中心项目“中国应对新冠肺炎疫情的国家治理能力研究:基于跨国比较的分析”(AS2015)的资助。

摘　　要：本文在马克思主义经济学的框架下探讨技术进步过程中劳动生产率维度和生态生产率维度的差异,并根据两种生产率的差异定义了技术变化过程中生态可持续性的标准,分析了在商品经济和资本主义条件下生态不可持续的基本逻辑。在此基础上,我们在马克思线性生产框架下提供了一个经济体生态可持续性的动态测量方法,并利用1990—2015年的Eora数据对包括中国在内的88个经济体的碳排放和水足迹可持续性进行了测算,验证了生态马克思主义关于技术的经济效率和生态效率存在系统性偏离的论断。在整个样本期间内,约有2/3的国家碳排放不可持续,一半的国家水资源利用不可持续;碳排放的可持续性在近年来有所改善,而水资源利用则没有类似的趋势。在这两个维度上,世界整体生态可持续性仍然不容乐观。就中国而言,尽管中国的水足迹和碳排放生产率进步速度在样本中处于较高水平,但是位居世界前列的劳动生产率增速给中国的生态可持续性造成了压力。不过,随着近年来劳动生产率和生态生产率的相对变化,中国的生态可持续性已经大幅度改善。In the framework of Marxist economics,the paper discusses the technological progress in the process of labor productivity differences in dimension and the ecological productivity dimension,and according to the differences of two productivity defines the technological change in the process of the standard of ecological sustainability,and under the condition of commodity economy and capitalism the basic logic of ecological unsustainable. Based on this theory,we provide a dynamic measure of the ecological sustainability of an economy under the Marxist linear production framework,and use the Eora data from 1990 to 2015 to measure the sustainability of carbon emissions and water footprints of 88 economies,including China. The data verify the ecological Marxist judgment that there is systematic deviation between the economic efficiency and ecological efficiency of technology. About two-thirds of countries have unsustainable carbon emissions and half have unsustainable water use throughout the sample period;While the sustainability of carbon emissions has improved in recent years,there has been no similar trend in water use. On these two dimensions,the world’s overall ecological sustainability remains far from optimistic. In the case of China,although China’s water footprint and carbon emission productivity progress rate is relatively high in the sample,the labor productivity growth rate that is among the highest in the world puts pressure on China’s ecological sustainability. However,with the relative changes in labor productivity and ecological productivity in recent years,China’s ecological sustainability has improved significantly.

关 键 词：马克思线性生产框架 劳动生产率 生态环境生产率 生态可持续性 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]