A UNIFIED THEORY OF PROCEDURAL CONSEQUENCES STEMMING FROM CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL DEFICIENCIES  

刑事诉讼行为违法的程序性后果之统合理论

作　　者：Yin Bo 印波(the College for Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]the College for Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2022年第1期49-80,共32页中国法学（英文版）

基　　金：sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled A Study of the Impact and Restriction of the Criminal Justice Performance Evaluation upon Procedural Results(14CFX068)。

摘　　要：A criminal procedure rule is structurally composed of a procedural direction and the procedural consequence of its breach.A procedural deficiency is the breach of a procedural direction.Clearly,weaknesses in procedural consequences for procedural deficiencies exist generally in criminal procedure rules.Civil juristic act theory cannot be mechanically transplanted to the criminal procedure.By means of taxonomy,this thesis is intended to arrive at a unified and scientific matrix of breaches of criminal procedure and their results.Criminal procedure rules can be divided into simply proclaimed rules and nullity-backed rules.Breaches of nullity-backed rules can be either absolutely or relatively null.The treatment of relatively null conducts is either nullification or regularization.There are three conventional routes to nullification:reversal of adjudicative conduct,exclusion of disposition-influencing conduct,and nullification of procedure-inducing conduct.Regularization consists of disposal and overlooking of deficiency.If substantive aspects of deficiencies are examined,mitigation of sentence and ending of proceedings shall also be regarded as two procedural consequences.When the conduct is invalid as one type of conduct,but is valid as another type of conduct,transmutation of invalid procedural conduct may occur.刑事诉讼规则在结构上包括刑事诉讼指示和违反指示的程序性后果两部分。刑事诉讼行为违法是违反刑事诉讼指示的行为。欠缺违反刑事诉讼指示的程序性后果是刑事诉讼法的通病。民事法律行为理论不可以机械地移植到刑事诉讼领域。通过分类法,本文致力于创设统合、科学的刑事诉讼违法及其后果的矩阵。刑事诉讼规则可以划分为单纯宣示性规则和无效支撑性规则。违反了无效支撑性规则的行为有可能是绝对无效的,也有可能是相对无效的。相对无效行为的处理可以是宣告无效或违法矫正。有三种惯常的无效方式:裁判行为撤销、心证形成行为排除、程序形成行为无效。矫正的方式包括除去违法和忽视违法。如果违法的实体面也被审视,则减轻量刑和程序终止也应当视为两种程序性后果。当一个行为作为一种行为无效,而作为另一种行为有效时,还可能出现无效诉讼行为转换。

关 键 词：程序性后果 相对无效 刑事诉讼规则 民事法律行为 刑事诉讼行为 绝对无效 宣告无效 刑事诉讼法 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]