巴赫金小说体裁论的政治泛音:锐见、启示与问题  

Political Overtones in the Genre Theory of Bakhtin’s Fiction:Insights,Inspiration and Problems

作　　者：张开焱[1] ZHANG Kaiyan(Tan Kah Kee College,Xiamen University,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363105)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学嘉庚学院,福建漳州363105

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2022年第1期11-19,共9页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“叙事形式的政治潜素与意义及其生成模式研究”(10BZW004)。

摘　　要：小说体裁理论是巴赫金体裁理论的核心构成。巴赫金在与非小说体裁的对比中论述小说的体裁特征,这些论述充满政治泛音。非小说体裁如史诗及英雄传奇等内含"史诗型世界观",抒情诗则体现了一种"托勒密世界观",所创造的世界都具有集中性、纯洁性、封闭性特征。这些特征都具有泛官方性质。而小说则具有"体裁百科全书"性质。它能容纳一切体裁,具有对话性、驳杂性、开放性、未完成性特征,它具有与官方对立的泛民间性质。巴赫金对小说和非小说体裁政治性的发现和锐见充满启示性,也留下了可讨论空间。Novel genre theory is the core of Bakhtin’s genre theory. In contrast with non-fiction,Bakhtin discusses the stylistic characteristics of fiction, which is full of political overtones. Non-fiction, such as epic and heroic legend, contains a “historical world view”,while lyric poetry embodies a“Ptolemaic world view”,and the world created by it is centralized,pure and closed. All these features are of a pan-official nature while the novel has the nature of“genre encyclopedia”beyond genre. It is unfinished with the characteristics of dialogue,complexity and openness. It also accommodates all genres and has the nature of the pan-folk in opposition to the official. Bakhtin’s discoveries and insights into the political nature of fiction and nonfiction are revelatory and worthy of further discussion.

关 键 词：巴赫金 政治泛音 非小说体裁 小说体裁 锐见 启示 问题 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]