灵芝三萜与灵芝多糖抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展  

Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanisms of Triterpenoids and Polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum:A Review

作　　者：王梦晨 张雪涟 陈向东[1] 兰进[1] 魏菲[1] 罗云[1] 孙晓波[1] WANG Meng-chen;ZHANG Xue-lian;CHEN Xiang-dong;LAN Jin;WEI Fei;LUO Yun;SUN Xiao-bo(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第5期234-241,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1710504)。

摘　　要：随着人口老龄化程度的加剧,肿瘤患者的发病率和死亡率持续上升。目前肿瘤的治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗,然而大部分化疗药物可引起严重的副作用和耐药性。因此中医药治疗作为一种替代疗法可以有效地改善肿瘤患者的临床症状,提高生活质量,抑制或稳定肿瘤的发展,延长患者生存期限。由于中药具有良好的安全性,其抗癌潜力日益受到关注。灵芝是一种药用真菌,在我国有着两千多年的历史,是我国中草药宝库中的一个珍品。迄今为止,有许多研究已经提出了灵芝的抗癌特性。灵芝具有广泛的药理作用,如抗肿瘤、调节免疫、保肝、降血糖血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、保护心脏、抗衰老等。灵芝的化学成分较为复杂,目前已知含有多糖、三萜类、生物碱、核苷类、氨基酸及各种微量元素,灵芝多糖和三萜类化合物的抗肿瘤机制主要通过诱导细胞凋亡、免疫调节、抗血管生成、阻滞细胞周期等来实现。已广泛应用于肺癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌等多种肿瘤的辅助治疗。该文通过对近年来灵芝三萜和灵芝多糖的生物活性及作用机制的相关文献进行归纳汇总,重点综述其抗肿瘤作用及作用机制,以期为灵芝抗肿瘤的进一步开发利用提供参考和借鉴。With the population aging,the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients continue to rise. At present,the treatment methods for tumors include surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy. However,most chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects and drug resistance.Therefore,as an alternative therapy,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of tumor patients,improve the quality of life,inhibit or stabilize the development of tumors,and prolong the survival period of patients. Due to the good safety of Chinese medicine,its potential anti-cancer activity has attracted increasing attention. Ganoderma lucidum,a treasure of Chinese medicinal material,is a medicinal fungus with a history of more than 2 000 years in China. So far,many studies have proposed the anticancer properties of G. lucidum. G. lucidum has extensive pharmacological activities,such as anti-tumor,antiatherosclerosis,and anti-aging. It can also regulate immunity,protect the liver and the heart,and reduce blood glucose and lipid. The chemical composition of G. lucidum is complex. At present,it is proved to contain polysaccharides,triterpenoids,alkaloids,nucleosides,amino acids,and various trace elements. The anti-tumor mechanisms of polysaccharides and triterpenoids in G. lucidum are mainly achieved by apoptosis induction,immune regulation,anti-angiogenesis,and induction of cell cycle arrest. Currently,it has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of complex tumors such as lung cancer,liver cancer,cervical cancer,prostate cancer,breast cancer,and colon cancer. The present study reviewed the bioactivities and mechanisms of triterpenoids and polysaccharides in G. lucidum in recent years and highlighted the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms to provide references for the further development and utilization of G. lucidum.

关 键 词：灵芝三萜 灵芝多糖 抗肿瘤 作用机制 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R242[医药卫生—中医学]