基于熵权法和TOPSIS法优化马铃薯钾肥种类和滴灌量组合  

Optimal combination of potassium fertilizer and drip irrigation for potato production based on entropy weight method and TOPSIS analysis

作　　者：孙鑫 张富仓 杨玲 张少辉 王海东 强生才 郭金金 SUN Xin;ZHANG Fu-cang;YANG Ling;ZHANG Shao-hui;WANG Hai-dong;QIANG Sheng-cai;GUO Jin-jin(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University/Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Urban and Rural Construction,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030800,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室/西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]山西农业大学城乡建设学院,山西太谷030800

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第2期279-290,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579211);陕西省农业领域重点产业创新链项(2016KTZDNY-01-02);教育部高等学校创新引智计划(B12007)。

摘　　要：【目的】探寻滴灌施肥条件下实现沙土马铃薯高产优质和水肥高效的管理方式,为陕北马铃薯滴灌水钾管理提供科学依据。【方法】以‘青薯9号’为试验材料,于2020年马铃薯生长季,在陕北榆林风沙区设置W1 (60%ET_(c),198.4 mm,ET_(c)为作物需水量)、W2 (80%ET_(c),246.2 mm)和W3 (100%ET_(c),294 mm) 3个灌水水平及不施钾肥(K0)、KCl、K_(2)SO_(4)和KNO_(3)4种钾肥处理,调查了马铃薯的生长状况、产量、品质,计算了水分利用效率(WUE)和肥料偏生产力(PFP)。【结果】钾肥种类与滴灌量及其交互作用对马铃薯产量及其构成要素、WUE和PFP有显著影响。相同钾肥处理下,W3灌溉水平的马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉含量、净收益平均分别比W1水平提高了19.8%、3.8%、33.9%,分别比W2水平提高了8.1%、1.6%、15.8%。不同灌水量下,不同钾肥的增产效果不同。W1水平下,KCl处理的马铃薯干物质累积量、产量显著低于K_(2)SO_(4)和KNO_(3)处理;W2和W3水平下,KNO_(3)处理的马铃薯干物质累积量、产量、商品薯重和净收益显著高于KCl和K_(2)SO_(4)处理,而K2SO4和KCl处理之间无显著差异。就水钾交互而言,W3+KNO_(3)处理的产量显著高于其他处理9.2%~55.0%;W3+K_(2)SO_(4)处理的淀粉含量最高,还原糖含量最低;W3+KCl处理的产投比最大,W1+KNO3处理的WUE最大。基于熵权法和TOPSIS分析得出各处理优劣顺序为W3+KNO_(3)>W3+KCl>W2+KNO3>W3+K2SO4>W2+K_(2)SO_(4)>W3K0>W2+KCl>W1+KNO3>W1+K_(2)SO_(4)>W1+KCl>W2K0>W1K0。【结论】基于熵权法和TOPSIS分析,在陕北沙土马铃薯种植系统中兼顾高产、优质和水肥高效的组合为硝酸钾肥配合100%作物需水量。【Objective】To explore the combination of water and potassium for optimized yield,quality,and production efficiency of potato under drip fertigation conditions in northern Shaanxi Province.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of potato growth,yield and quality to different types of potassium fertilizer and irrigation amount in Yulin,northern Shaanxi.‘Qingshu No.9’ was used as the test material.The three irrigation levels were 60%,80%,and 100% of the crop water requirement(W1,60% ET_(c),198.4 mm;W2,80% ET_(c),246.2 mm;W3,100% ET_(c),294 mm).The four K fertilizer treatments were-no K fertilizer control(K0),KCl,K2 SO_(4) and KNO_(3).The water use efficiency(WUE) and partial fertilizer productivity(PFP) were calculated.【Results】The K fertilizer type,irrigation level and their interaction significantly affected potato yield and qualities,WUE and PFP.Under the same K fertilizer,the yield,starch content and net income of W3 treatment were 19.8%,3.8%,33.9% higher than W1,and 8.1%,1.6% and 15.8% higher than W2 treatment,respectively.K fertilizer had different yield increasing effect under different irrigation amount.At W1,the dry matter accumulation and yield of KCl were significantly lower than those of K_(2) SO_(4) and KNO3.At W2 and W3,the dry matter accumulation,total and marketable yield,and net income of KNO_(3) were significantly higher than those of KCl and K2 SO4,while the latter two had no significant difference.Considering the irrigation ×fertilizer interaction,the yield of W3+KNO_(3) was 9.2%-55.0% higher than other treatment combination.W3+K2 SO_(4) had the highest starch and the lowest reducing sugar content.W3+KCl elicited the largest production to investment ratio,while W1+KNO_(3) had the highest WUE.Based on entropy weight method and TOPSIS analysis,the comprehensive effect was in order of W3+KNO_(3)>W3+KCl>W2+KNO3>W3+K_(2) SO_(4)>W2+K_(2) SO_(4)>W3 K0>W2+KCl>W1+KNO3>W1+K_(2) SO_(4)>W1+ KCl>W2 K0>W1 K0.【Conclusions】According to entropy weight method and TOPS

关 键 词：马铃薯 滴灌量 钾肥种类 产量 品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]