“双积分”政策下汽车制造商竞争定价与减排策略研究  

A Study on Competitive Pricing and Emission Reduction Strategies of Automobile Manufacturers under the “Double Credits” Policy

作　　者：卢超[1] 王倩倩[2] 赵梦园 闫俊琳 LU Chao;WANG Qian-qian;ZHAO Meng-yuan;YAN Jun-lin(School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;School of Management,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院 [3]西北工业大学管理学院

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2022年第1期64-76,共13页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71704101);国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(72174116);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(17YJC630094)。

摘　　要："双积分"政策的实施对汽车制造商的定价决策产生了重要影响。考虑卖方由同时生产燃油车和新能源汽车的制造商1和仅生产新能源汽车的制造商2组成,在消费者低碳偏好和价格竞争影响下分别针对制造商1对燃油车采取和不采取节能减排措施的情况,研究"双积分"政策下汽车制造商的定价策略和减排决策,探讨新能源汽车积分值和积分比例要求对政府和企业决策的作用效果。进一步,通过对不同情形的结果进行分析,得到"双积分"政策的出台、消费者低碳偏好及制造商采取节能减排措施对制造商定价和减排决策带来的变化,并通过算例分析验证了结论。研究结果表明:(1)"双积分"政策可以降低新能源汽车的价格,提高新能源汽车制造商的利润,促进燃油车主动减排。(2)当新能源汽车的需求价格弹性系数和需求交叉价格弹性系数处于较高水平时,政府要制定较高的每台新能源汽车积分值。(3)燃油车的油耗水平存在一个环境属性标准,当油耗水平低于一定值时,随着新能源汽车积分比例要求的不断增大,制造商1选择提高燃油车价格。(4)消费者低碳偏好是提高燃油车减排水平的重要因素,政府可以对减排技术先进的燃油车制造商进行低油耗认证,提高消费者低油耗燃油车需求,激励燃油车制造商积极减排。The production and trading modes of automobile manufacturers have been changed by the “double credits” policy, which is followed by a new context about automobile pricing and emission reduction issues. The seller is composed of two different manufacturers(M1 produces both oil-fueled automotive(OFA)and new energy vehicles(NEVs), while M2 produces only NEVs). By taking consumers’ low-carbon preference into consideration, the market needs and OFA’s fuel consumption are negatively correlated, and consumers have a lower price elasticity of demand for low-carbon products, thus, the market demand is affected by the dual effects of consumers’ low-carbon preference and automobile’s price. The methodology of mathematical modelling is equipped under two scenarios of that M1 adopts emission reduction strategies or not, the pricing strategies and emission-reduction decisions of automobile manufacturers under the policy of “double credits” are explored, as well as the effects of NEV credit value of each NEV and the ratio requirements of NEV credit on the decision-making of government and enterprises are discussed. Furthermore, the changes of the pricing and emission reduction decisions made by the “double credits” policy, consumers’ low-carbon preference and the energy-saving and emission reduction measures adopted by manufacturers, are tested by using the methodology of example analysis under different scenarios.The research findings are as follows.(1) With the “double points” policy, NEVs’ price can be reduced while NEV manufacturers’ profits can be increased, as well as that OFA manufacturers can be promoted to actively reduce emissions.(2) When NEV’s price elasticity of demand and the cross-price elasticities of demand are high, a higher NEV credit value should be set by the government.(3) There is an environmental attribute standard for OFA, and when the fuel consumption is lower than the standard, the decision of increasing price is a wise choice for M1 under the situation of an increasing

关 键 词：“双积分”政策 低碳偏好 竞争定价 减排策略 汽车制造商 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]