论处分查封之物的法律效力  

On Legal Consequences of the Disposal of Property Seized

作　　者：张静[1] Zhang Jing

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2022年第2期148-163,共16页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：在财产被查封的情形,被执行人或所有权人擅自处分查封之物的,不得对抗执行申请人。查封的对抗效力是法律直接规定的结果,同处分权能和合同效力无关。查封不影响被执行人或所有权人的处分权,也不影响处分查封之物基础合同的法律效力。查封具有禁止处分的法律效果,即被执行人或所有权人不得擅自处分查封之物,否则可能引发公法上的责任。在擅自处分查封之物时,善意取得与公示对抗是两种保护善意第三人的模式。从立法论的角度来看,善意取得规则不应也无须适用于查封之物,否则会影响体系融贯,并导致制度重叠问题。查封制度具有独立的善意第三人保护规则,即查封的公示对抗规则。在公示对抗规则之下,执行申请人和善意第三人的利益得到了妥当平衡。In the situation of seizure,the disposal of the property seized by the debtor is not enforceable against the creditor.This legal consequence of seizure is only an outcome of the stipulation by law,having nothing to do with the authority of disposal or the legal effect of the contract.Seizure does not affect the debtor's authority to dispose,nor does it affect the legal effectiveness of the contract on the basis of which the property is disposed of.Seizure can give rise to prohibition of disposal:the debtor must not dispose of the property seized,otherwise public-law liabilities would be triggered.In the situation of illegal disposal,bona fide acquisition and enforceability of publicity are two approaches under which third parties in good faith can be protected.From the legislative perspective,property seized neither should nor need to be subject to the rule of bona fide acquisition.Otherwise,the systematic coherence would be hampered,and a problem of overlapping institutions would arise.The system of seizure has its own scheme to protect third parties acting in good faith:the effect of enforceability against third parties of the publicity of seizure.Under this scheme,the interest of the creditor and that of the third party acting in good faith can be well balanced.

关 键 词：查封 擅自处分 处分禁止 善意取得 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学] D922.29[政治法律—法学]