行株距对夏大豆干物质积累、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Row and Plant Spacing on Dry Matter Accumulation,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Soybean

作　　者：李长红 LI Changhong(Zhumadian Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment,Zhumadian 463000,China)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市农业综合行政执法支队,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第3期364-370,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：驻马店市重大科技专项(Z2019-0207)。

摘　　要：为明确等行距及宽窄行不同行株距变化对夏大豆干物质积累、光合特性及产量性状的影响,以郑1307大豆品种为试验材料,采取田间试验方法,在同一密度18.0万株/hm2条件下,研究3个等行距处理(行距30 cm、株距18.4 cm(T1),行距40 cm、株距13.8 cm(T2),行距50 cm、株距11.1 cm(T3))和2个宽窄行处理(行距40 cm+30 cm、株距15.8cm(T4),行距50 cm+40 cm、株距12.3 cm(T5))不同行株距变化对夏大豆干物质积累动态、光合特性及产量性状的影响。结果表明,各处理成熟期干物质积累量表现为T3>T5>T2>T4>T1,宽行距短株距有利于生育后期干物质的积累。叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合势(LAD)宽窄行处理均高于等行距处理,且随着行距的增加、株距的缩小呈降低趋势,T4处理的LAI显著高于其他处理,T4、T5处理出苗后75 d叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)较T2处理分别增加9.76%、8.89%;光合势(LAD)呈现出和SPAD值相同的变化趋势,鼓粒—成熟期T4、T5处理的LAD值较T2处理分别增加38.69%、28.83%。夏大豆行株距变化对株高、底荚高、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒质量影响显著,对单株有效分枝、百粒质量影响不显著,不同行株距以T4处理产量最高,比等行距T1、T2、T3处理分别增产18.21%、22.60%、26.10%,比宽窄行T5处理增产6.23%。宽窄行处理行距40 cm+30 cm、株距15.8 cm有利于夏大豆干物质的积累、光合特性的改善与产量的提升。In order to find out effects of changes of different row and plant spacing in equal row spacing and wide-narrow row on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of summer soybean, in this study, using Zheng1307 soybean variety as experimental material, a field experiment was carried out at the same density of 1.8×105 plants/hm2,the effects of different row and plant spacing changes in three treatments of equal row spacing(row spacing 30 cm and plant spacing 18.4 cm(T1), row spacing 40 cm and plant spacing 13.8 cm(T2), row spacing 50 cm and plant spacing 11.1 cm(T3))and two treatments of wide-narrow row(row spacing 40 cm+30 cm and plant spacing 15.8 cm(T4)and row spacing 50 cm+40 cm and plant spacing 12.3 cm(T5))on dry matter accumulation dynamics, photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of summer soybean.The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter of the treatments in mature stage was T3>T5>T2>T4>T1, wide row spacing and short plant spacing were conducive to the accumulation of dry matter in late growth stage. The leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)and photosynthetic potential(LAD)of wide-narrow row treatments were higher than those of equal row spacing treatments, and the indexes decreased with row spacing increasing and plant spacing reducing. LAI of T4 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. 75 d after emergence, the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value)in T4 and T5 increased by 9.76% and 8.89%, respectively, compared with that in T2. The photosynthetic potential(LAD)showed the same change trend as SPAD value. LAD in T4 and T5 in grain filling-mature stage increased by 38.69% and 28.83% respectively compared with that in T2. The change of row and plant spacing of summer soybean had a significant effect on plant height, bottom pod height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant, but the effect on effective branch and 100-grain weight did not reach a significant level. The yield in

关 键 词：夏大豆 行株距 干物质积累 光合特性 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]