热源角度对6A01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊成形及气孔的影响  

Effects of Heat Source Angle on Weld Formation and Porosity Defects of Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding of 6A01 Aluminum Alloy

作　　者：韩晓辉 张志毅 马国龙 吴来军 宋晓国[2,3] 王厚勤 檀财旺[2,3] Han Xiaohui;Zhang Zhiyi;Ma Guolong;Wu Laijun;Song Xiaoguo;Wang Houqin;Tan Caiwang(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co..LTD..Qingdao,Shandong 266111,China;State Key Laboratory of Ad vanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Iustitute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai,Shandong 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)山东省特种焊接技术重点实验室,山东威海264209

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第2期212-223,共12页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52074097,52005132)。

摘　　要：采用激光-MIG复合焊接对轨道交通铝合金型材进行焊接研究,从焊接成形、气孔缺陷和熔池行为等方面研究了热源与焊接方向的夹角对于焊接特性的影响。结果表明,增大激光与焊接方向的夹角可使熔深、熔宽降低,当激光夹角从82.5°增加至110°时,熔深下降了50%,熔宽下降了25%,增大热源角度有利于焊缝中气孔逸出,当激光角度由82.5°增大至97.5°时,焊缝气孔率由3%下降至0%,增大电弧角度也有利于减少气孔。不同热源角度下熔滴过渡方式均为射滴过渡,增大激光和电弧与焊接方向的夹角会促使熔池变长。Fluent模拟结果说明热源夹角影响能量传播,增大激光角度会减弱能量向深度方向的传播,增大电弧角度会扩大其加热范围,进而增加熔池长度,提升熔池存在时间,有利于气孔排除。Objective Recently, lightweight materials have been undergoing advancements and are widely used in industrial manufacturing. The use of advanced aluminum alloys in new generations of trains is a significant step to meet the increasing demand for lightweight materials. 6005 A is a type of aluminum alloy used in Chinese G-series high-speed trains. The train frame is mainly composed of 6005 A aluminum extrusions with a low density, high strength, and high corrosion resistance. However, the welding of 6005 A aluminum alloys is difficult. Owing to the high reflectivity of aluminum alloys, laser welding usually fails. Moreover, arc welding is unsuitable for connecting aluminum alloys owing to high heat input and severe deformation occurrence. Thus, laser-MIG hybrid welding was proposed as an improved technique for welding 6005 A aluminum alloys. The arc source can significantly decrease laser reflectivity and improve aluminum alloy weldability. Furthermore, the laser source can increase the processing speed and reduce the heat input. So far, most studies on the laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloys have focused on optimizing the welding processing parameters. The effects of laser power, weld current, the distance between the laser and arc, and weld speed on the welding quality have been analyzed and discussed comprehensively. However, the effects of the heat source angle on weld formation and porosity remain unclear. In this study, different heat source angles were adopted and the welding processes were compared. The influence of the heat source angle on laser-MIG hybrid weld formation and porosity defects were discussed.Methods 6005 A aluminum alloy extrusions and an ER5356 welding wire were selected to perform single-pass laserarc hybrid welding. The welding equipment was developed using a 6-k Wfiber laser system(IPG YLS-6000) and a welding machine(Lincoln Power Wave R350). A laser-guided hybrid welding method was adopted. The welding processing parameters were optimized using the single factor variable method.

关 键 词：激光技术 高速列车 铝合金型材 激光-MIG复合焊 热源角度 焊接特性 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]