审美之道--老庄美学思想刍议  

The Tao of Aesthetic-On Laozhuang’s Aesthetic Thought

作　　者：刘在平 Liu Zaiping

机构地区：[1]珠海科技学院

出　　处：《珠江论丛》2021年第1期296-313,共18页Pearl River Forum

摘　　要：美是身心之道整体运行、整合过程中,在人的感官接受外界刺激基础上达成的感觉、情感、理性等意识系统通畅、和谐的精神状态;美的本质是人的全部意识系统的内在精神自由、愉悦的心理体验。老子认为:审美靠整体精神系统,而不能靠仅仅来自感官的感觉。自古以来,关于美学本质的探讨,与哲学本体论思维密切相关,对于哲学本体论的理解,直接影响到对于美的本质的理解。老庄所主张的审美,其实是一种“悟道审美”。达到至美、至乐的境界,是对于万物变化中自然之道的深刻领悟。中国艺术美学深受老子道家哲学影响,现代脑科学、神经科学中关于潜意识的研究成果,与道家哲学心灵之道的学说,是趋向一致和相融的,而不是趋向对立与分裂的,玄览式思维是重要的审美方式。梦幻之美是玄览统观式思维方式、审美方式的产物。在道家哲学看来,审美是玄览思维在情感层面的凸显,因而中国美学始终强调意象。道家追求朴素之美,这与其“道法自然”的哲学本体论思想是高度一致的。朴素,即美和艺术的无为;自然而然的大道运行,既是本真的存在,也是美的本质存在。Beauty is the smooth and harmonious spiritual experience of the consciousness system,such as feeling,emotion,reason and so on,which is reached on the basis of the external stimulation in the whole operation and integration of body and mind.The essence of beauty is the inner spiritual freedom and pleasant psychological experience of the whole consciousness system.Laozi believes that aesthetics depends on the whole spiritual system,not on the feeling from the senses alone.Since ancient times,the discussion of aesthetic essence is closely related to philosophical ontology thinking,and the understanding of philosophical ontology directly affects the understanding of the essence of beauty.The aesthetic advocated by Laozhuang is actually a kind of“enlightenment aesthetic”.To reach the realm of beauty and joy is a profound understanding of the way of nature in the change of all things.Chinese art aesthetics is deeply influenced by Laozi’s Taoist philosophy.The research results of the subconscious mind in modern brain science and neuroscience are consistent and compatible with the Taoist philosophy of mind,rather than towards opposition and division.Metaphysical thinking is an important aesthetic way.The beauty of dreams is the product of the way of metaphysical thinking and aesthetic.In Taoist philosophy,aesthetics is the highlight of foresight thinking at the emotional level,so Chinese aesthetics always emphasizes image.Taoism pursues the beauty of simplicity,which is highly consistent with its philosophical ontology thought of“Tao follows nature”.Simplicity is the inaction of beauty and art,and the natural running of Tao is not only the existence of truth,but also the essence of beauty.

关 键 词：道家哲学 审美之道 悟道审美 玄览 朴素之美 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]