多沙河流水库“蓄清调浑”运用方式及其设计技术  

Operation mode and design technology of "storing clean water and regulating muddy flow" of reservoirs in sediment-laden river

作　　者：张金良 胡春宏[3] 刘继祥[1] ZHANG Jinliang;HU Chunhong;LIU Jixiang(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 430072,China;Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]天津大学,天津300072 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2022年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402503);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402408)。

摘　　要：系统总结了1950年代以来我国多沙河流水库运用方式发展历程,阐释了不同时期水库运用方式及其设计技术的发展变化,详细剖析了"蓄清调浑"运用方式及其设计技术。"蓄清调浑"运用将以往低壅水"拦粗排细"传统拦沙模式发展为"小水拦沙,大水排沙,适时造峰,淤滩塑槽"滩槽同步塑造运用和拦沙库容多元化利用,改变了只淤不冲的传统拦沙模式,正常运用期采用水沙分级分类调度辅以非常规排沙调度,实现协调水沙关系和拦沙库容再生利用,能在长期保持水库有效库容的基础上,进一步兼顾水库调水调沙需要,有效避免了泥沙淤积占用水库有效库容,减少了水库强迫排沙对下游水沙关系的不利影响,是对"蓄清排浑"运用的继承和对"调水调沙"的全面发展。在设计技术上,为了更好地满足调沙需要,要求科学合理设计调沙库容和排沙水位相应泄流规模,考虑调沙过程中的不同淤积状态,按照"深槽调沙、中槽兴利、高槽调洪"的库容分布规则进行水库库容配置;超高含沙量河流要在正常泄流排沙孔以下增设非常排沙底孔,形成"正常+非常"双泥沙侵蚀基准面;特高含沙量河流水库有效库容保持和供水调节之间难以协调,要采用水沙分置开发方式。研究成果将为当前和今后一段时期内多沙河流水库工程设计与运行提供指导和参考。This article systematically summarized the development process of the operation mode of reservoirs on sediment-laden rivers in China since the 1950s, especially explained the operation mode and design technology of "storing clean water and regulating muddy flow". The operation mode of "storing clean water and regulating muddy flow" develops the traditional sediment-retaining mode of "retaining coarse sediment and discharging fine sediment" with low backwater into diversified utilization of sediment-retaining storage capacity and synchronous shaping of floodplain and channel of "low flow to block sediment, high flow to discharge sediment, timely peak generation, floodplain silting and channel forming". The operation mode has changed the traditional sediment-retaining mode of silting without flushing. During the normal operation period, the utilization of water-sediment classification scheduling supplemented by unconventional sediment discharge scheduling can achieve coordinated water-sediment relationship reconstruction and sediment-retention storage capacity regeneration. On the basis of maintaining the effective storage capacity of the reservoir for a long time, the application of "storing clean water and regulating muddy flow" further takes into account the needs of the reservoir for water-sediment regulation,effectively avoids the occupation of the effective reservoir capacity due to sedimentation,reduces the adverse impact of the forced sediment discharge of the reservoir on the downstream water-sediment relationship, which is the inheritance of the application of"storing clean water and regulating muddy flow" and the overall development of "water and sediment regulation". In terms of design technology, in order to better meet the needs of sediment regulation, it is required to scientifically and rationally design the corresponding discharge scale of the sediment regulation capacity and the sediment discharge water level,consider the different siltation states during the sediment regulation process, and desig

关 键 词：黄河 水库泥沙 蓄水拦沙 蓄清排浑 蓄清调浑 运用方式 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]