阿亚·德拉托雷的早期思想与其形成原因  

Haya de la Torre's Early Thought and the Causes of Its Formation

作　　者：谢文侃 Xie Wenkan

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心和拉美研究中心

出　　处：《世界近现代史研究》2022年第1期254-276,332,333,共25页Studies of Modern World History

摘　　要：维克多·劳尔·阿亚·德拉托雷是美洲人民革命联盟和秘鲁阿普拉党的主要创始人,他的早期思想是对“内外交困的拉美国家路在何方”这一时代命题的回答,其内涵由“拉丁美洲面临的根本问题”、“拉丁美洲历史与现实的特殊性”、“拉丁美洲反帝反封建力量的构成及其领导阶级”和“在拉丁美洲实现社会主义的主体与方式”四个相互关联、层层递进的部分组成。促使他早期思想形成的因素有多个方面,其中最为关键的是20世纪初秘鲁社会转型的时代背景、阿亚的个人经历以及秘鲁国内外思潮的影响。阿亚的早期思想是试图在当时的资本主义和社会主义制度之外开辟“第三条道路”,它立足本土实际,不盲从,不僵化,具有进步意义;但它受社会中间阶层矛盾心理的影响,并将拉丁美洲实际的特殊性夸大为例外性,因而具有一定局限性。尽管如此,阿亚早期思想中的“谋求发展”、“摆脱依附”和“实现社会正义”等核心主张为当时拉丁美洲的社会变革指明了方向,它的进步意义大于局限性。Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre is the main founder of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance ( APRA) and the Peruvian Aprista Party. Haya'searly thought demonstrates his answer to the proposition of the era: “What is thepath for the Latin American countries beset with both internal and external adversities?”Four interrelated and progressive components of his thought lie in “the fundamentalproblems facing Latin America”, “the particularities of Latin America'shistory and reality”, “the composition and leadership of the anti - imperialist andanti - feudal forces in Latin America” and “the entity and method of realizing socialismin Latin America” . The formation of Haya's early thought was related tomultiple factors, the most important ones are the background of the social transformationin Peru in the early twentieth century, Haya's personal experiences and theinfluence of Peruvian and foreign thoughts. Haya's early thought tries to initiate a“third way” aside from the capitalist and socialist system at the time. Based on localreality, it does not blindly follow foreign instructions, and is not rigid, thereforeis of progressive significance. However, it is influenced by the contradictorypsychology of the middle class that exaggerates the particularity of Latin America'sreality to the extent of exception, resulting in certain limitations. Nevertheless,the core ideas of Haya's early thoughts such as “seeking development”, “gettingrid of dependence” and “ realizing social justice” point out the direction for socialtransformation in Latin America at the time, therefore it has more progressivesignificance than limitations.

关 键 词：阿亚·德拉托雷 阿普拉 马克思主义 反帝国主义 社会转型 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]