在身份与职业之间:宅基地“三权分置”改革中“农民”问题的法理重述  

Between Identity and Profession:A Legal Theory Restatement of the“Farmer”Problem in the Reform of“Separation of Three Rights”on Homestead Land

作　　者：杨晖 王有粮[2] Yang Hui;Wang Youliang

机构地区：[1]西华大学应急管理学院 [2]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2021年第2期39-50,共12页Research on Real Estate Law of China

摘　　要：宅基地制度是中国土地制度的创举,在维护农村集体土地所有权和保障农民权益方面曾发挥重大作用。从历史维度看,传统社会的农民虽有田宅交易自由,但缺乏生存、居住的制度性保障,身份与职业的趋同更胜于彼此的区隔。新中国成立后,农民开始逐渐内化为一种身份。改革开放以来,农民在城镇化进程中加速分化,实现了一定程度的契约自由。为实现城乡人才的双向流动,纾解空心化困局,国家在父爱主义的治理观念下推进乡村振兴与城乡融合发展战略。当前进行宅基地"三权分置"改革,除了需要进行法律规则的构建论证外,还应从更高的价值层面予以考量。宅基地身份属性的纠错和保障功能不应轻易舍弃,改革需守住最后的底线。The homestead system is a pioneering development of China’s land system,which played an important role in safeguarding rural land ownership and protecting farmers’rights and interests.From the historical dimension,although farmers in the traditional society enjoyed the freedom of transactions of land and house,they lacked the institutional guarantee of survival and residence,and the convergence of identity and occupation outstripped the separation of each other.After the founding of The People’s Republic of China,farmers began to gradually internalize into a kind of identity.Since the reform and opening,the differentiation of farmers has been accelerated in the process of urbanization,and the freedom of contract has been realized to a certain extent.In order to realize the two-way flow of talents between urban and rural areas and relieve the dilemma of hollowing out,the state has promoted the strategy of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration under the governance concept of paternity.In addition to the construction and demonstration of legal rules,the current reform of the separation of the three rights on homestead should also be considered from a higher value level.The function of correcting errors and guaranteeing homestead identity attribute should not be abandoned easily,and the reform should keep the last bottom line.

关 键 词：身份 职业 农民 宅基地 三权分置 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学]