端粒酶及靶向端粒酶抗衰老和肿瘤药物的研究进展  

Research Progress on Telomerase and Potential Anti-Aging and Tumor Drugs Targeting Telomerase

作　　者：黄晨辉 吴振芳 雷鸣 HUANG Chenhui;WU Zhenfang;LEI Ming(Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine,Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200125)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院上海精准医学研究院,上海200125

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2021年第6期35-45,共11页China Basic Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC2000102)。

摘　　要：端粒是由重复性DNA序列和特殊蛋白质组成的真核染色体末端的保护性结构。由于末端复制问题,端粒在细胞复制增殖过程中逐渐缩短,而过短的端粒导致基因组不稳定,引起细胞衰老和机体老化。端粒酶是具有催化端粒DNA合成能力的逆转录酶,能够维持细胞内端粒的长度或延缓细胞增殖过程中端粒的缩短。因此,端粒酶和机体衰老及端粒相关疾病具有重要的因果关系,被认为是抗衰老和癌症的潜在靶点。本文对端粒酶的结构、活性调控及基于端粒酶治疗的研究进展进行综述,为端粒酶相关领域的研究以及开发以端粒酶为靶点的药物提供参考。Telomeres are the terminal protective structures at the ends of linear chromosomes composed of repetitive DNA sequences and specialized proteins.Telomeres shorten gradually with each cell division due to endreplication problem,and extremely short telomeres result in genome instability that triggers cell senescence and body aging.Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the processive addition of telomeric DNA repeats to maintain the telomere length or delay the shortening of telomeres during cell divisions.Thus,telomerase has important causal relationship with aging and telomererelated diseases,and has been considered as a potential universal therapeutic target for aging and cancers.In this review,we present an overview of progresses in telomerase structure and activity regulation as well as telomerasebased therapeutics,providing a reference for our understanding of telomerase and novel drug development using telomerase as a target.

关 键 词：端粒 端粒酶 衰老 癌症 端粒酶结构 活性调控 

分 类 号：R362[医药卫生—病理学]