云贵高原生态草牧业立体发展模式探索:以云南省永善县为例  

Exploration of the stereo development mode of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau:An example from the Yongshan County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：孙佳美 刘智全 钟瑾[3] 王天威 王相权 孙昌荣 高树琴[1,2] 潘庆民[1,2] SUN Jiamei;LIU Zhiquan;ZHONG Jin;WANG Tianwei;WANG Xiangquan;SUN Changrong;GAO Shuqin;PAN Qingmin(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Yongshan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yongshan 657300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院生态草牧业工程实验室,北京100093 [3]中国科学院微生物研究所微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]永善县农业农村局,云南永善657300

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第2期381-390,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-201905)。

摘　　要：发展生态草牧业是我国新时代农业结构调整的重要内容。南方草山草坡可利用面积约4.7×10^(5 )km^(2),具有丰富的光、热、水、土资源,牧草生长期长、生产力高,蕴藏着巨大的生态草牧业发展潜力。同时,南方草山草坡地形复杂,植被和气候呈现出明显的垂直分异。但是,迄今对南方草牧业模式的探索较少。为此,在云南省昭通市永善县开展生态草牧业科技示范工作,根据不同海拔的气候和植被特点,探索适合云贵高原不同海拔的草山草坡草牧业发展模式。得出:在高海拔(2500 m以上)地区,发展以放牧为主的草牧业模式;在中海拔(1500~2500 m)地区,发展放牧与舍饲结合的草牧业模式;在低海拔(1500 m以下)地区,发展以舍饲为主的草牧业模式,从而在云贵高原形成生态草牧业立体发展模式。在此基础上提出未来南方草山草坡发展生态草牧业需进一步考虑草畜平衡、生态草牧业全产业链技术研发以及“科技+政府+企业+农牧户”模式的推广,以期为南方草山草坡生态草牧业发展提供决策依据。The development of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry is an important part of the structural adjustment of agriculture in the new era.There are 4.7×10^(5) km^(2) hill grasslands in southern China,with abundant light,heat,water,and soil resources.Grass has a long growing season,high productivity,and huge potential for the development of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry.Moreover,vegetation and climate show obvious vertical differences due to complex terrain conditions.However,grass-based livestock husbandry development in hill grasslands in southern China has rarely been reported.Therefore,we conducted technology demonstrations in Yongshan County,Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province.Accordingly,three modes were explored based on climate and vegetation characteristics at different elevations.At high elevations(above 2500 m),the mode centered on grazing;at middle elevations(1500~2500 m),the mode centered on both grazing and house feeding;and at low elevations(below 1500 m),the mode centered on house feeding.This stereo development mode system has been formed in the region.Therefore,we made suggestions for the development of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry in southern China and can provide a basis for future decision-making.

关 键 词：生态草牧业 草山草坡 天然草地 栽培草地 草产品加工 放牧 舍饲 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]