茶园种植模式对蚂蚁多样性的影响  

Effect of Tea Cultivation Patterns on Ant Diversity

作　　者：马占霞 傅武祥 字保兵 李鑫鑫 白国辉 尚宇梅 苏建美 武珊珊 丁其欢 MA Zhanxia;FU Wuxiang;ZI Baobing;LI Xinxin;BAI Guohui;SHANG Yumei;SU Jianmei;WU Shanshan;DING Qihuan(West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences College,Pu’er 665000,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Menglun 666303,China)

机构地区：[1]滇西应用技术大学,云南普洱665000 [2]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园/热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐仑666303

出　　处：《茶叶通讯》2022年第1期59-67,共9页Journal of Tea Communication

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究项目(2018FD059);滇西应用技术大学应用基础研究一般项目(2018XJKY0009)。

摘　　要：蚂蚁是茶园重要的天敌生物,通过改进茶园种植模式提升茶园蚂蚁多样性及其害虫生物控制服务,对打造绿色有机茶园具有重要意义。本试验通过对云南省普洱市不同种植模式茶园蚂蚁多样性和群落组成进行调查,探讨不同种植模式对茶园蚂蚁多样性的影响。试验采用陷阱法对单一种植茶园(MT)、橡胶-茶混农林(RT)、大叶千斤拔-茶混农林(FT)和未管理单一种植茶园(CK)中蚂蚁进行标本采集,分析蚂蚁群落多样性、群落组成和指示物种。结果显示:蚂蚁多样性中4种种植类型样地中物种丰富度、生物多样性指数大小排序为FT>RT>CK>MT,且均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)结果表明,FT茶园系统中蚂蚁群落组成与其他3种种植类型相似性较低;RT茶园系统中蚂蚁群落组成与其他3种种植类型相似性也较低;CK和MT单一种植茶园系统中蚂蚁群落组成相似度较高。4种种植类型样地中,FT有9种指示物种,RT有3种指示物种,且两种间作茶园中共有2种指示物种,分别为里氏勾猛蚁和罗思尼斜结蚁;单一种植茶园(MT)中指示物种是黑头酸臭蚁,其在RT中是最为重要的指示物种;未管理单一种植茶园(CK)中指示物种为法老小家蚁;与荫蔽物种橡胶相比,非荫蔽作物大叶千斤拔更有利于蚂蚁的均匀分布。研究结果表明单一种植茶园对当地的蚂蚁多样性有一定的消极影响,且不同间作植物物种对蚂蚁的群落组成有显著性影响,能有效提高蚂蚁的多样性,维持更强的害虫捕食能力,对推动该地区茶园绿色发展和生态环境恢复具有重要作用。Ants are important natural enemies providing important biological control service in tea plantations.Improving tea planting patterns to improve ant diversity and pest biological control services is of great significance to the creation of green tea plantations.This study explored the effect of tea cultivation pattern on ant biodiversity by measuring diversity in different tea plantations.Using pitfall traps,the ants in monoculture tea plantations (MT),Rubber-tea mixed forests (RT),Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain-tea mixed plantation (FT) and monoculture tea plantations without management (CK) were sampled in March to September in 2020.Ant diversity,structural similarity and indicator species in the four habitats were calculated.There were significant differences in species richness and diversity index among the four types of habitats.The ant richness and diversity was highest in FT,followed by RT,CK and MT (P < 0.05);Non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS) showed that the composition of ant community in the FT had low similarity with the other three types plantations;the composition of ant community in the RT also had low similar to the other three planting types;The similarity of CK and MT ant community composition is relatively high;Among the 4 planting types,there are 9 indicator species for FT,3 indicator species for RT,and there are 2 common indicator species in the two intercropping tea plantations,which are Anochetus risii and Plagiolepis rothneyi;The indicator species in the MT is Tapinoma melanocephalum,which is the most important indicator species in the RT;the indicator species in the monoculture unmanaged tea garden (CK) is Monomorium pharaonis;Compared with rubber,Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain was more conducive to the uniform distribution of ants.The results showed that monoculture tea plantations had a certain negative impact on the local ant diversity,and different intercropping plant species had different impact on ant community composition,can effectively improve the ant di

关 键 词：茶园 种植模式 复合农林系统 蚂蚁群落结构 蚂蚁多样性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]