女童月经初潮与筛查性近视的关联  

Relationship between age at menarche and screening positive myopia among girls

作　　者：伍晓艳[1] 万宇辉[1] 陶舒曼[1] 许韶君[1] 陶芳标[1] WU Xiaoyan;WAN Yuhui;TAO Shuman;XU Shaojun;TAO Fangbiao(Department of Maternal,Child&Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health&Aristogenics,Hefei(230032),China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室,合肥230032

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第2期284-287,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2019HY320001);2012年度卫生公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201202010)。

摘　　要：目的分析女童月经初潮与筛查性近视的关联,为制定儿童青少年近视预防与控制策略及措施提供科学依据。方法根据2014年全国学生体质与健康调研标准,在安徽省分别选取宿州、合肥和池州市3个地区,将1725名9~13岁女童纳入研究。采用问卷调查研究对象基本信息及是否出现月经初潮,采用裸眼远视力检查结合串镜检查确定筛查性近视,并采用Logistic回归模型分析月经初潮与筛查性近视的关联。结果安徽省9~13岁汉族女童筛查性近视检出率为62.5%(1078名)。城市女童筛查性近视检出率(71.0%)高于农村(54.6%)、每天家庭作业时间>2 h的女童筛查性近视检出率(70.8%)分别高于1~2和<1 h组(68.4%,54.9%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为49.50,37.88,P值均<0.01)。不同年龄月经初潮已来潮和未来潮组间筛查性近视检出率仅在9和13岁女童中差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为4.75,11.22,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女童月经初潮和筛查性近视呈正相关(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.68~2.52),在控制年龄和BMI等因素后,关联仍有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步调整家庭居住地和家庭作业时间变量后,月经初潮已来潮与筛查性近视关联无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论女童月经初潮与筛查性近视在部分年龄组中有关联,未来应基于队列研究设计进一步探讨月经初潮年龄与近视发生发展的关系。Objective To assess screening method for myopia among Chinese school-age children and adolescents,and to provide scientific evidence for an appropriate protocol for vision screening.Methods According to technical protocols of 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students'Constitution and Health,a total of 1725 primary and middle school girls aged 9 to 13 years old from Suzhou,Hefei and Chizhou of Anhui Province were selected.Basic information and menarche were collected by questionnaires.Distance visual acuity and subjective refraction were used for screening myopia.And multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between menarche and screening myopia.Results The detection rate of screening positive myopia of girls aged 9-13 years in Anhui province was 62.5%(1078).The ratio of screening myopia was significantly higher in urban girls(71.0%)compared with suburban girls(54.6%),and higher in girls with homework time>2 h compared(70.8%)with homework time 1-2 h and<1 h(68.4%,54.9%)groups(χ^(2)=49.50,37.88,P<0.01).The detection rate of screening myopia between different menarche groups was only statistically significant among girls aged 9 and 13 years(χ^(2)=4.75,11.22,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that menarche was significantly associated with screening myopia(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.68-2.52).After controlling age and BMI,the association remained(P<0.05).After further controlling family residence background and homework time,the association diminished(P>0.05).Conclusion Menarche is closely associated with screening myopia among girls in selected age groups,future cohort studies are needed to focus on prevention and control of myopia during pubertal development.

关 键 词：月经初潮 近视 回归分析 儿童 女(雌)性 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科] R173[医药卫生—临床医学]