低氧抗阻训练诱发身体生理应激及力量适应的研究进展  

Review of Body Physiological Stress and Strength Adaptation Resulting from Hypoxic Resistance Training

作　　者：高炳宏[1] 赵永才 冯连世[3] GAO Binghong;ZHAO Yongcai;FENG Lianshi(College of Physical Education and Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;College of Exercise and Health Sciences,Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617,China;Social Sports Guidance Center of General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]天津体育学院社会体育与健康科学学院,天津301617 [3]国家体育总局社会体育指导中心,北京100061

出　　处：《体育科学》2021年第12期69-79,共11页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0301603)。

摘　　要：低氧抗阻训练在运动训练领域的应用引起了学者的广泛重视,一次性低氧抗阻训练产生身体生理应激,长期低氧抗阻训练可引起肌肉重塑适应。通过分析国内外低氧抗阻训练研究,归类低氧抗阻训练模式,分析低氧抗阻训练后代谢产物、合成激素、肌肉力量、肌电积分及疲劳感觉等指标的变化,比较低氧抗阻训练与常氧抗阻训练的效果差异,初步探讨低氧抗阻训练产生效果的潜在分子机制。结果发现,不同抗阻训练经历并未对低氧抗阻训练效果产生影响。长期干预模式中,5周以上中小强度低氧抗阻训练(12%~16%氧浓度)相比常氧抗阻训练更容易提高力量。一次性运动干预中,中等强度上下肢组合低氧抗阻训练,比常氧抗阻训练诱发更强的身体应激,引起更多合成类激素的分泌。前期研究总体表明,低氧抗阻训练相比常氧抗阻训练存在优势,能更有效提高身体生理应激和力量素质。未来低氧抗阻训练研究,需要继续探索运动强度、间歇时间、训练周期及力量增长的生物学机制,进一步改进低氧抗阻训练模型,提高训练效果。The application of hypoxic resistance training(HRT) in sports training has attracted lots of attention. A bout of HRT induces body physiological stresses, and muscle undergoes adaptative remodeling upon long-term HRT. This study reviewed the present HRT studies and compared the advantages between HRT and normoxic resistance training, and then the model of HRT was classified, the alterations of metabolites, anabolic hormones, muscular strength, integrated electromyogram, perceived fatigue and other variables were analyzed. This review also suggested the potential mechanisms of the training effects. Previous studies indicated that resistance training experience had no impact on the efficacy of HRT. In the long-term training intervention, low and moderate intensity HRT(12% to 16% oxygen concentration) increased strength significantly than that of normoxic resistance training and the training period should be maintained at least 5 weeks. In one bout training model, moderate intensity HRT of upper and lower limbs combination type may induce more body stresses and anabolic hormone secretion than normoxic resistance training.Previous studies suggested that HRT has the potential advantage over normoxic resistance training regarding of the enhanced body stresses and strength gains. In the future research, the exercise intensity, interval time, training period and biological mechanisms of HRT should be investigated in order to improve HRT model and training effect.

关 键 词：低氧 抗阻训练 力量训练 骨骼肌 海拔高度 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]