花生和玉米种植模式对科尔沁沙地土壤养分和生物特性的影响  

Effects of Peanut and Corn Planting Patterns on Soil Nutrient and Biological Characteristics in Horqin Sandy Land

作　　者：吴宇伦 赵雪淞 宋王芳 杨晨曦 高欣 WU Yu-lun;ZHAO Xue-song;SONG Wang-fang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000;Shandong Coal Geological Planning and Exploration Research Institute,Jinan,Shandong 250104)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院,山东济南250104

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第5期48-54,60,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(2017108006)。

摘　　要：针对科尔沁沙地土壤沙化严重、土壤养分流失、肥力下降、农田环境恶化等问题,以提高该区土壤质量、改善农田土壤生态环境为目的,通过田间定位试验,对花生连作(CK)、玉米连作(LC)、玉米-花生轮作(RC)、花生-玉米轮作(RP)4种种植模式下科尔沁沙地农田的土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性及微生物生物量的变化进行研究,结果表明,与CK相比,其他3种种植模式均能显著改善土壤理化性质、提高土壤酶活性和土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量,以玉米-花生的轮作模式(RC)效果最好。且不同处理下土壤MBC/MBN、MBC/SOC、MBN/TN、MBP/TP的比值分别在8.67%~11.18%、38.42%~46.07%、35.07%~57.56%、20.63%~55.94%,其比值在不同种植模式和不同土层深度的分布特征有明显差异。相关性分析表明,土壤pH和氮磷钾含量与土壤生物学指标呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),土壤有机质与土壤微生物生物量指标呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。In view of the serious soil desertification,soil nutrient loss,fertility decline,farmland environment deterioration and other problems in Horqin Sandy Land,the purpose was to improve soil quality and farmland soil ecological environment in this area,through field positioning experiments,the changes of soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass under four cropping modes of peanut continuous cropping(CK),corn continuous cropping(LC),corn-peanut rotation(RC)and peanut-corn rotation(RP)in Horqin Sandy Land were studied.The results showed that compared with CK,the other three cropping patterns could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and soil microbial biomass C,N and P contents,and the corn-peanut rotation pattern(RC)had the best effect.And the ratios of soil MBC/MBN,MBC/SOC,MBN/TN,MBP/TP under different treatments were 8.67%-11.18%,38.42%-46.07%,35.07%-57.56%,20.63%-55.94%,respectively,the distribution characteristics of their ratios in different planting modes and different soil depths were significantly different.Correlation analysis showed that soil pH and N,P,K contents were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil biological indexes(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and soil organic matter was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass indexes(P<0.05 or P<0.01).

关 键 词：种植模式 花生 玉米 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物生物量 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]