言语行为论在后现代哲学中的最新发展--西方语言哲学方兴未艾  

The Latest Development of Speech Act Theory in Postmodernist Philosophy:Western Philosophy of Language Still in the Ascendant

作　　者：王寅[1] 王天翼[1] Wang Yin;Wang Tianyi

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学,400031

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第1期169-176,200,F0003,共10页Social Sciences Abroad

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“语言哲学研究--21世纪中国后语言哲学沉思录”(13FY009)的拓展成果。

摘　　要：日常语哲学派的代表人物奥斯汀提出的“言语行为论”颠覆了真值语义论和“身教重于言教”传统观念;哈贝马斯进一步将其修补为“交往行为论”,把奥斯汀仅在纯语用层面上论述言语意义的思路提升到社会学层面;福柯和布迪厄基于此发现哈贝马斯之不足:前者继续在社会学层面论述“话语权力论”,后者从政治经济学角度论述“符号资本”,他们的研究进一步突出了“语言至上”的社会功能,大大提升了语言(言语、话语)在当今人文社会学科中的地位。正是他们的研究,使20世纪前60年的语言哲学在近半个世纪中得以延续,且不断被推向前沿。Speech act theory was proposed by Austin,an important representative of ordinary language school in philosophy of language,who has overturned the Semantic Theory of Truth and the traditional idea“action speaks louder than words”.Habermas has further revised it into “theory of communicative action”,thus promoting it onto the level of sociology from Austin's pure pragmatic exposition on utterance meaning.Based on this,Foucault and Bourdieu have found the gap left by Habermas,with the former developing“discourse power theory”in the domain of sociology;the latter proposing“symbolic capital”from the viewpoint of political economy.Their research has further highlighted the social function of“linguistic supremacy”and elevated the statues of language(speech,discourse)in the humanities and social sciences today.It is because of their researches that the traditional philosophy of language(1900s-1960s)has been extended into the last 50 years,even continuously advanced to the frontier.

关 键 词：语言哲学 后现代哲学 言语行为 交往行为 话语权力 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]