中国6市城乡3岁以下婴幼儿睡眠时间现状调查  

Investigation on sleep duration of Chinese children under 3 years old in urban and rural areas of 6 cities in China

作　　者：冯围围[1] 张悦[1] 潘晓平[1] 王惠珊[1] 金曦[1] 徐韬[1] 张彤 中国婴幼儿睡眠状况评估量表编制与评价研究省级协作组 FENG Weiwei;ZHANG Yue;PAN Xiaoping;WANG Huishan;JIN Xi;XU Tao;ZHANG Tong;Provincial Working Group for Study on the Development of Chinese Infants and Todders Sleep Assessment Scales(National Center for Women and Children's Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Beijing 100081,China;Capital Institute of Pediatrics.Beijing 100020,China;Provincial Working Group for Study on the Development of Chinese Infants and Todders Sleep Assessment Scales)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心,北京100081 [2]首都儿科研究所,北京100020 [3]中国婴幼儿睡眠状况评估量表编制与评价研究省级协作组

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2022年第1期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：中国疾控中心妇幼中心科技创新发展资助项目(2019KJ08);科技基础资源调查专项资助项目(2017FY101104)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国6市城乡地区3岁以下婴幼儿睡眠时间及其年代发展趋势,为国内婴幼儿睡眠时间提供新的数据支持。方法2019年7月至11月在我国6市随机选取1234名0~35月龄婴幼儿为研究对象,采用简明婴儿睡眠问卷对受试婴幼儿看护人进行现场调查,并进行数据的统计分析。结果婴幼儿白天睡眠时间和24小时总睡眠时间随月龄增加逐渐减少(χ^(2)值分别为479.03、388.84,P<0.01),从出生到3岁前平均分别减少了6.0小时和5.0小时,且在3个月内减少幅度最为明显;3岁前婴幼儿夜间睡眠时间平均为9.0~9.5小时,且不同月龄间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.24,P=0.06)。夜间睡眠时间占比随月龄增加逐渐增加(χ^(2)=450.63,P<0.01),由0~1月龄的55.6%增至30~35月龄的81.8%。婴幼儿白天睡眠时间、夜间睡眠时间及24小时总睡眠时间的城乡间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与2004年相比,3岁以下婴幼儿睡眠时间呈减少趋势,且夜间睡眠时间之间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.10,P=0.04)。参照我国2017年发布的《0岁~5岁儿童睡眠卫生指南》,婴幼儿睡眠时间不足中,0~3月龄、4~11月龄及12~35月龄分别占14.4%、21.7%和13.8%。结论婴幼儿期为其睡眠时间的快速发展阶段,其睡眠时间有长期减少的发展趋势。Objective To analyze the sleep duration of children under 3 years old in urban and rural areas of 6 cities in China and its secular trend, so as to provide new data for domestic children′s sleep duration.Methods A total of 1234 children aged 0-35 months were selected by random from 6 cites in China from July to November 2019.Data on sleep duration of children was reported by caregivers in the field investigation using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, and analyzed.Results Children′s daytime sleep duration and 24-hour total sleep duration gradually decreased with age(χ^(2)=479.03 and 388.84,respectively, P<0.01),with an average decrease of 6.0 h and 5.0 h from birth to 3 years old, respectively, and the decrease was most significant within 3 months.The average nocturnal sleep duration before the age of 3 was 9.0-9.5 h, and the difference between different months of age was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.24,P=0.06).The proportion of nocturnal sleep duration gradually increased with age(χ^(2)=450.63,P<0.01),form 55.6% of 0-1 month old to 81.8% of 30-35 months old.There is no difference in children′s daytime, nocturnal and 24-hour total sleep duration between urban and rural areas(P>0.05).Compared with 2004,children′s sleep duration showed a decreasing trend, and the nocturnal sleep duration had statistically significant difference(Z=-2.10,P=0.04).According to the guideline for sleep hygiene among children aged 0-5 years published in 2017,14.4%,21.7% and 13.8% of children aged 0-3 months, 4-11 months and 12-35 months have insufficient sleep, respectively.Conclusion Infants and toddlers are at the stage of rapid development of sleep duration, and their sleep duration presents a long-term decrease in development trend.

关 键 词：城乡 婴幼儿 3岁以下 睡眠时间 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]