“待就业”毕业生如何走出“等待区”  

How Do"Job-waiting"College Graduates Get out of the"Waiting Area"

作　　者：岳昌君[1] 冯沁雪 邱文琪 YUE Chang-jun;FENG Qin-xue;QIU Wen-qi

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育经济研究所/教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国大学生就业》2022年第1期3-8,共6页China University Students Career Guide

摘　　要：在高校毕业生规模持续增加、经济增长速度下行的背景下,正规就业机会越来越少、就业市场能力需求越来越高,就业困难群体"待就业"毕业生值得关注。本文基于2021年全国高校毕业生就业状况调查数据,对"待就业"毕业生的群体特征'求职行为、学业表现进行分析,研究发现:14.0%的毕业生在离校时处于"待就业"状态;研究生、普通本科高校、民办高校和独立学院、非理工科、女性、低收入家庭、父母受教育程度较低的毕业生更倾向于"选择"待就业;"待就业"毕业生更加追求工作稳定、青睐体制内工作,求职时间较晚、次数较少,其中84.6%获得过工作机会、属于〃有业不就";高等教育学业表现较弱、个人能力提升较低。因此,针对求职中的毕业生本文提出五个就业建议:树立就业信心、改变就业观念、积极主动求职、弥补能力不足、善用政策资源。Under the background of the continuous increase in the scale of college graduates and the decline in the rate of economic growth,there are fewer formal employment opportunities and higher demand for the ability in the job market.The job-waiting graduates with employment difficulties deserve attention.Based on the national survey data of employment status of college graduates in 2021,this paper analyzes the group characteristics,job-seeking behavior and academic performance of job-waiting graduates.It is found that 14.0%of graduates are in the job-waiting status.Postgraduates,graduates from ordinary universities,private universities and independent colleges,non science and engineering graduates,female graduates,graduates from low-income families and with less-educated parents are more likely to be job-waiting.The job-waiting graduates pursue job stability and prefer work within the system.They apply for jobs later and less frequently.84.6%of them have obtained job opportunities but don't accept.They have weaker academic performance of higher education and lower value-added of personal ability.Therefore,this paper puts forward five employment suggestions for job-seeking graduates:establishing employment confidence,changing employment concept,looking for a job actively,making up for lack of ability and making good use of policy resources.

关 键 词：待就业 高校毕业生 摩擦性失业 就业观念 求职行为 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]