时间投入与博士生能力:基于全球博士生调查的实证研究  

Time Investment and Student Competences:Evidence from Global Doctoral Student Survey

作　　者：刘霄 谢萍 LIU Xiao;XIE Ping(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,江苏南京210023 [2]北京师范大学教育学部惠妍国际学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2022年第2期69-75,共7页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：2019年国家自然科学基金面上项目“博士毕业生的初职获得与早期生涯发展追踪研究”(71974004);江苏省双创博士项目(JSSCBS20210026);江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目“‘双一流’建设背景下研究型大学科研创新绩效评价研究”(2017ZDIXM070)的研究成果。

摘　　要：博士生的创新能力是反映博士生培养质量的重要指标。随着博士毕业生就业去向的多元化,学术创新能力之外的通用技能也越来越重要。基于《自然》杂志2019年"全球博士生调查"得到的15个国家的5 383位在读博士生的数据,利用OLS回归、似不相关回归和门槛效应模型等方法,分析自主学习和与导师互动两种时间投入与博士生学术和通用能力之间的关系。研究发现,与其他国家相比,我国博士生的通用能力较好,但学术能力不足。在所测度的时间投入范围内,博士生的两种能力并非随自主学习时间的增加而一直提高,而是呈三次曲线的关系。分样本回归的结果保持稳健。另外,与导师互动的时间投入不仅显著促进博士生的两种能力发展,还相对延缓下降拐点的出现。博士生与其自己"蛮干",倒不如多与导师交流,获得导师的指导,进而"巧干"。The innovation ability of doctoral students is an important index to evaluate the quality of doctoral education.With growing varieties of job opportunities for PhD graduates,in addition to academic innovation capability,generic skills that PhD students possess are becoming more and more crucial.Based on the data of 5 383 doctoral students in 15 countries from the“Global doctoral Survey”conducted by Nature in 2019,OLS regression,seemingly unrelated regression and threshold effect model were used to analyze the relationship between time input of independent learning and interaction with supervisors and doctoral students’ academic and generic competences.It is found that,compared with other countries,the generic ability of Chinese doctoral students is better,but the academic ability is insufficient.Secondly,within the measured time investment range,the two abilities of doctoral students do not constantly improve with the increase of independent learning time,but show a cubic curve relationship.The results of sub-sample regression remain robust.In addition,the time investment of interaction with the supervisor not only significantly promotes the development of the two abilities of doctoral students,but also relatively delays the emergence of the decline inflection point.Rather than being“foolhardy”on their own,doctoral students should communicate more with their supervisors to obtain better guidance and supervision,which would facilitate them to“work skillfully”.

关 键 词：博士生 时间投入 学术能力 通用能力 导师 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]