施氮方式与行距配置对水稻冠层结构及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Pattern and Row Spacing on Canopy Structure and Yield of Rice

作　　者：刘俊峰 李漪濛 梁超 周婵婵[1] 王术[1] 贾宝艳[1] 黄元财[1] 王岩[1] 王韵[1] LIU Junfeng;LI Yimeng;LIANG Chao;ZHOU Chanchan;WANG Shu;JIA Baoyan;HUANG Yuancai;WANG Yan;WANG Yun(Agronomy College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Northeastern Rice Biology and Genetics Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,农业农村部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第1期77-85,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2016YFD0300104);沈阳农业大学研究生创新培育项目(2021YCXS26)。

摘　　要：为研究施氮方式和行距配置对水稻冠层结构和产量的影响,以沈稻9号为材料,于2019-2020年进行田间试验,采用两因素裂区设计,主区设不施氮肥(A_(0))、农户方式(A_(1))、底氮减施(A_(2))、底氮后移(A_(3))4种氮肥管理方式,副区设常规方式(行距30 cm,B_(1))、缩行增密(行距25 cm,B_(2))、宽窄行(行距40 cm+20 cm,B_(3))3种行距配置,运用大田切片法,研究不同施氮方式和行距配置下水稻各层叶面积指数(LAI)、光合有效辐射、剑叶光合特性和产量的差异。结果表明,施氮方式与行距配置对产量有极显著影响,且存在交互作用,在A_(3) B_(2)组合下,产量达到最高,为9.85 t/hm^(2)。与A_(1)、A_(2)相比,A_(3)处理单位面积颖花数提高4.31%~10.55%,结实率提高2.87~4.09百分点,使剑叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别提高了4.84%~9.12%,14.08%~15.71%,11.33%~15.83%;同时,A_(3)具有较高的光合有效辐射截获率和群体叶面积指数。与B_(1)、B_(3)相比,B_(2)可以增加单位面积颖花数和群体叶面积指数,增幅分别为7.57%~9.97%,4.29%~20.43%,光合有效辐射截获率达88.99%。综合产量、光合特性和冠层结构的表现,施氮方式为底氮后移结合行距为25 cm为本试验的最优组合,能有效提高单位面积颖花数、结实率、千粒质量,改善群体结构,促进高产形成。Using rice variety Shendao 9 as an entry,a field experiment was conducted in 2019-2020 to study the effect of nitrogen application pattern and row spacing on canopy structure and yield of rice under split-plot design.The main plot treatments were zero nitrogen(A_(0)),farmer′s pattern(A_(1)),low basal nitrogen(A_(2)),and basal nitrogen backward(A_(3)).The subplot treatments were conventional method(row spacing of 30 cm,B_(1)),reducing row spacing(row spacing of 25 cm,B_(2)),and narrow-wide row(row spacing of 40 cm+20 cm,B_(3)).The layer upon layer cut method was used to investigate the leaf area index(LAI),photosynthetic active radiation(PAR),photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,and grain yield of rice.The results showed that nitrogen application pattern and row spacing had extremely significant interaction effects on grain yield,the maximum value(9.85 t/ha)appeared in A_(3) B_(2).Compared with A_(1) and A_(2),the effective spikelets per unit area,kernel-setting rate,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of A_(3) increased by 4.31%-10.55%,2.87-4.09 percentage points,4.84%-9.12%,14.08%-15.71%and 11.33%-15.83%,respectively.Meanwhile,rice obtained higher interception rate of PAR,population leaf area index under A_(3).Compared with B_(1) and B_(3),the spikelets per unit area,and population leaf area index(LAI)of B_(2) increased by 7.57%-9.97%and 4.29%-20.43%,respectively.And interception rate of PAR of B_(2) was 88.99%.Given the results of grain yield,PAR,and photosynthetic characteristics in rice of two years,it could be concluded that the basal nitrogen backward pattern combined with 25 cm row spacing could enhance spikelets per unit area,kernel-setting rate,1000-grain weight,improve the population structure and obtain higher yield.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮方式 行距配置 冠层结构 产量 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511[农业科学—农艺学]