刑事诉讼构造之理论传承与知识延拓——以认知科学为视角  

Theoretical Inheritance and Knowledge Extension of Criminal Procedure Structure:From the Perspective of Cognitive Science

作　　者：谢澍[1] XIE Shu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第2期128-141,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国刑事证明标准的实践样态与认知模式研究”(项目编号:21CFX073)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：二十世纪九十年代初,不少学者围绕刑事诉讼构造展开争鸣,其学术影响延续至今。当前"以审判为中心"与"认罪认罚从宽"的重要理论基础之一正是刑事诉讼构造,但改革的瓶颈同样也是由刑事诉讼构造理论的发展停滞所导致的。刑事诉讼构造应当回归以"人"为本的思维进路,与具备"硬科学"基础的认知构造进行理论对话,遵循人类特定的认知方式和决策逻辑:借助"一阶认知"与"二阶认知"的概念界分,强化司法裁判者及其认知决策的终局和中立地位,重塑刑事司法权力配置与运行的横向结构及纵向引导,确立审前程序与审判程序之间的"双重横向构造"以及"双向纵向互动",并结合"认罪认罚从宽"在部分案件中进行构造上的调整,使得"认知交互"与"认知递进"贯穿程序始终,进而借助立体诉讼构造将刑事诉讼塑造为去除认知偏差以确保正确决策的过程。In the early 1990s, scholars had several academic debates on the structure of criminal procedure and their academic influences exist nowadays. The structure of criminal procedure is one of the crucial theoretical foundations for "the Reform of Trial-Centered Litigation" and "the Leniency Based on Admission of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment", and its stagnated development also results in the bottleneck of such two reforms. The structure of criminal procedure should be established by returning to the "human-centered" thinking approach, engaging in theoretical dialogue with cognitive structure with "hard science" basis, and following special cognitive methods and decision-making logic of human beings: it is necessary, with the help of conceptual demarcation between "first-order cognition" and "second-order cognition", to strengthen the final and neutral position of judiciaries and their decision-making, reshape the horizontal structure and vertical guidance of criminal judicial power allocation and operation, establish the "dual horizontal structure" and "bilateral vertical interaction" between pre-trial and trial proceedings, and combine the structural adjustments of "the Leniency Based on Admission of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment" in some cases to make sure that "cognitive interaction" and "cognitive progression" would run through the proceedings, and then with the help of three-dimensional procedural structure, to shape the criminal procedure into a process of removing cognitive deviations to ensure correct decision-making.

关 键 词：诉讼构造 认知构造 二阶认知 认知交互 认知递进 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]