合成生物能源的发展状况与趋势  

Synthetic biology-driven manufacturing of bioenergy:development status and trends

作　　者：张媛媛[1] 王钦宏[1] ZHANG Yuan-Yuan;WANG Qin-Hong(Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所,天津300308

出　　处：《生命科学》2021年第12期1502-1509,共8页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903700);中国科学院科研仪器设备研制项目(YJKYYQ20170023)。

摘　　要：合成生物能源因为生产原料来自可再生的生物质资源,燃烧产生CO2不仅不会增加排放,甚至可以降低温室气体的净排量,对经济和社会的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。近年来合成生物学的快速发展为构建性能优良的合成生物,实现合成生物能源的高效生产制造提供了重要支撑。该文在回顾生物乙醇、生物柴油、生物高级醇、生物脂肪烃、生物沼气(甲烷)、生物氢以及生物电发展历史、现有状况和水平的基础上,深入分析了各类合成生物能源产品现有应用的瓶颈问题及未来应用中的关键问题,结合相关进展和拟解决的关键问题,提出了未来5~15年优先发展的方向和目标任务。Synthetic biology-driven manufacturing of bioenergy was from the renewable biomass resources and will reduce the net emission of greenhouse CO2.It is of great significance to the sustainable development of the economy and society.In recent years,the rapid development of synthetic biology has laid great foundation for building the high-performance engineered organisms to efficiently produce bioenergy.This study firstly summarized the development history and current status of bioethanol,biodiesel,bio-based higher alcohols,bio-based hydrocarbons,biogas(methane),biohydrogen and bioelectricity,and then analyzed current bottlenecks and key issues in future applications of various bioenergy products.Lastly the priority development direction and main tasks for the next 5-15 years were discussed and prospected.

关 键 词：合成生物学 生物能源 可再生原料 生物经济 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程]