科学主义词类研究的方法论困境——语言学量子转向系列论文之二  

The methodological dilemma of the scientistic approach to word classes:The second article in the quantum turn in linguistics series

作　　者：王仁强[1] Wang Renqiang

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学词典学研究所

出　　处：《外语教学》2022年第1期9-16,共8页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“超学科视域下的分析语词类问题实证研究”(项目编号:15BYY169)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：词类问题历史悠久,至今争论不断。语言学既是科学主义的受益者,又是其受害者,词类研究自不例外。受超学科研究方法论启发,从四个维度对科学主义词类研究方法论进行反思。从本体论上看,科学主义秉持单层静态词类现实观,强调词类的客观实在性,忽视言语主体对词类的建构作用。从逻辑上看,科学主义词类研究沿袭经典一阶逻辑,排斥概括词的兼类表征。从认识论上看,科学主义词类观主张还原论、决定论和线性因果关系解释。从价值论上看,科学主义路径往往以"科学"之名开展词类研究,但其错置具体性谬误使其研究结论大打折扣。破解词类难题,亟需量子思维,从而实现从学科研究范式向超学科研究范式的转向。The issue of word classes has a long history and is still debated today. Linguistics is both the beneficiary and victim of scientism, and the study of word classes is no exception. Ontologically, the scientistic approach admits a static single level categorization of either word types or word tokens, and emphasizes the objective nature of word classes, with the result of ignoring the speaking subjects’ role in lexical categorization. Logically, the scientistic approach applies the classical first-order logic, and excludes multiple class membership or heterosemy of word types. Epistemologically, the scientistic approach embraces reductionism, determinism and linear causality. Axiologically, the scientistic approach tends to study word classes in the name of “science”, but the fallacy of displaced concreteness involved has discounted its scientific results. To solve the problem of word classes, it is urgent for us to get inspired from quantum thinking and shift from disciplinary to transdisciplinary research.

关 键 词：词类 科学主义 单层现实 经典逻辑 还原论 错置具体性谬误 

分 类 号：H06[语言文字—语言学]