劳动力市场制度约束与企业出口:基于《劳动合同法》的证据  

Institutional Restriction of the Labour Market and Enterprise Exports:Evidence from the Labour Contract Law

作　　者：张明昂 施新政[2] 邵小快 Zhang Ming’ang;Shi Xinzheng;Shao Xiaokuai

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学财政税务学院 [2]清华大学经济管理学院 [3]北京外国语大学国际商学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2022年第2期111-136,共26页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103024);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673155);清华大学自主科研计划资助(2021THZWJC14)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从理论和实证层面研究劳动力市场制度约束带来的雇佣刚性对企业出口的影响及内在机理。首先,通过构建存在劳动力雇佣约束下的企业跨期投入和生产决策模型,阐明了雇佣约束对企业投入、产出和出口的具体影响机制。在此基础上,利用2007年《劳动合同法》实施作为自然实验构造双重差分模型,并使用中国工业企业数据进行实证分析,发现劳动力市场雇佣约束会显著降低企业出口,且对非国有企业、高杠杆率企业、高劳动力流动率行业及规模较小企业影响更强。此外,内在影响机制是,雇佣约束通过降低劳动力流动性和企业平均劳动生产率,提高出口产品价格,从而降低企业出口。劳动力市场政策在保护劳动者合法权益的同时,需要兼顾效率与公平,因此政府需要制定相应配套支持措施,帮助企业保持国际市场竞争力。Using China’s Labour Contract Law(LCL)of 2007 as a natural experiment,this paper studies the impact of employment rigidity due to institutional labour market restrictions on enterprise exports and its underlying mechanism.The theoretical model indicates that LCL increases production costs and reduces optimal output by restricting corporate layoff decisions.Based on data obtained from the Annual Survey of Chinese Industrial Enterprises,the difference-in-differences regression model results show that LCL significantly reduces the probability of exporting and the value of exports.This effect is more pronounced in non-SOE enterprises,higher-leveraged enterprises,enterprises in industries with a higher labour turnover rate and small-scale enterprises.The underlying mechanism is that LCL reduces labour mobility and productivity and increases the price of exported products.Regarding labour market policies,while protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers,it is necessary to balance fairness and efficiency.The government should therefore formulate corresponding support measures to help enterprises maintain their competitiveness in the international market.

关 键 词：《劳动合同法》 劳动力市场制度 企业出口 

分 类 号：D922.52[政治法律—民商法学] F752.62[政治法律—法学] F425[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济]