轮作与连作对马铃薯生长及土壤酶活性的影响  

Potato Growth and Soil Enzyme Activities as Affected by Rotation or Continuous Cropping Cultivation

作　　者：熊湖 郑顺林[2,3] 张德银 向竹清[2] 杜勇利 廖霏霏 XIONG Hu;ZHENG Shunlin;ZHANG Deyin;XIANG Zhuqing;DU Yongli;LIAO Feifei(Sorghum and Potato Research Institute,Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yibin,Sichuan 644000,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest of China,Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Key Laboratory of Tuber Crop Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/Chengdu Jiusen Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Xindu,Sichuan 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]宜宾市农业科学院高粱薯类研究所,四川宜宾644000 [2]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [3]农业农村部薯类作物遗传育种重点实验室/成都久森农业科技有限公司,四川新都610500

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第1期25-32,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200808);四川省育种攻关及配套项目(2016NYZ0051-5、2016NYZ0032);四川马铃薯创新团队支持项目(2016NYZ0051-5、2016NYZ0032)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究长期轮作与连作对马铃薯生长发育及土壤酶活性的影响。【方法】采用连续5年定点试验,以正茬马铃薯为对照,研究马铃薯和玉米轮作、普通连作(马铃薯春作)、强化连作(马铃薯春秋连作)对马铃薯植株形态、土壤酶活性、土壤全量养分与速效养分的影响。【结果】普通连作与强化连作降低了马铃薯株高、茎粗和总叶面积,增加了根系长度,而轮作可增加马铃薯株高、茎粗和总叶面积大小,且随着生育期推进差异更加显著;整体上土壤酶活性大小为正茬薯作>马铃薯和玉米轮作>普通连作>强化连作,除脲酶外,其余酶活性在马铃薯整个生育期均为上升趋势,马铃薯和玉米轮作相比普通连作与强化连作增幅更大;土壤中速效养分受连作方式影响较大,其中成熟期马铃薯和玉米轮作土壤中碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷分别高于普通连作4.98%、6.79%、16.38%,高于强化连作13.02%、15.21%、16.12%,生育期前后养分含量差异也更大。【结论】通过轮作可以提高土壤酶活性,加速土壤中速效养分转化,促进马铃薯植株生长发育,从而缓解长期连作对马铃薯的胁迫作用。【Objective】Effects of rotation or continuous cropping potatoes on the plant growth and soil chemical and biochemical properties were studied.【Method】A 5-year fix-point experiment was conducted to compare the effects of a potato-maize rotation cultivation,the commonly practiced continuous annual planting of potatoes in spring,and an intensified continuous spring and autumn cropping in a same year on the morphological indices of the potato plants as well as the enzyme activities and total effective and available nutrients in the soil.【Result】Both common and the intensified continuous cropping caused reductions on the plant height,stem girth,and leaf area but an increase on the root length in comparison with control.On the other hand,the rotation cultivation of potatoes and maize raised those first 3 indicators in increasing differentiations from the other cropping practices along with growth of the plants.Meanwhile,the enzyme activities in the soil were higher than the continuous cropping fields,especially the intensified continuous cropping one.In addition,the available nutrients were also significantly affected by the cultivation practices.For instance,at time of crop maturation,the total nitrogen,total potassium,and total phosphorus in the soil,where the cultivation was conducted by rotating potato and maize crops,were 4.98%,6.79%,and 16.38%,respectively,higher than those in the soil under the common continuous cropping,and 13.02%,15.21%,and 16.12%,respectively,higher than those under the intensified continuous cropping.【Conclusion】Rotation cultivation of potatoes and maize significantly promoted the potato plant growth and development,enhanced the soil enzyme activity,and accelerated the transformation of available nutrients in soil to materially reduce the stress on the plants incurred by long-term continuous cropping.

关 键 词：马铃薯 连作 轮作 土壤酶 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]