从产业升级中的龙头企业角色理解创新的非线性特征  

Lead Firms in the Non-Linear Industrial Evolution

作　　者：孙喜[1] 李明 徐珂欣 SUN Xi;LI Ming;XU Kexin(College of Business Administration,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;Torch High Technology Industry Development Center,Ministry of Science and Technology,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院,北京100070 [2]科学技术部火炬高技术产业开发中心,北京100045

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2022年第1期107-123,共17页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：科技创新战略研究专项(ZLY201956)。

摘　　要：基于线性模型的创新与转型政策极易忽视在位企业、尤其是龙头企业在产业升级中的极端重要性。这也显示出政策与学术研究对创新的非线性特征的理解仍有待深化。鉴于此,该研究首先以西方发达国家的三个材料工业(化工与制药工业、半导体工业与液晶工业)为研究对象,讨论了产业史上的若干关键节点案例,从引入新产品、重塑产业结构与产业组织、构建国家—市场—社会关系三个角度出发,讨论了龙头企业为经济体系引入"新奇"的情形,并由此总结形成了龙头企业主导产业升级的三个命题。基于产业史案例,从科学—技术关系、技术—经济关系和技术—社会关系三个层面出发,给出了上述三个命题的理论解释,并完成了对创新过程非线性特征的系统讨论。研究最后指出,充分理解创新的非线性特征,有助于研究跳出传统的线性思维模式,更加深刻地理解线性政策范式、科技成果转化、企业创新能力建设、营商环境优化、新型举国体制等关键议题。If policy makers simply regard innovation-driven development as a linear relationship between suppliers and users, take it as a process of achievement transformation from the upstream to downstream in the innovation chain,they will be at the very risk to neglect the importance of incumbent enterprises, especially leading enterprises, in the process of innovation, transformation and upgrading. Such misunderstanding of innovation not only aggravates the resource tension in the existing economic system, but also increases the risks and uncertainties of innovative achievements entering reality and creating economic value. Thus, only if the linear understanding of innovation is fundamentally reversed can enterprises improve the efficiency of policy design and consolidate the foundation of transformation and upgrading.In order to make a more comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of innovation process, this study based on a necessary literature review, takes three material industries(chemical and pharmaceutical industries,semiconductor industry and liquid crystal industry) in developed countries as research objects and discusses several critical junctures in the process of transformation and upgrading. Then this study discusses the role of incumbents in the introduction of novelties, which includes three different forms, i.e. to introduce new products, to reshape industrial structure and organization, and to(re)build a state-market-society relationship. These empirical evidence shows that the leading enterprises are:(1) the main force that introduces scientific discoveries or related inventions into real economic life and even the direct leader of the invention-discovery cycle in many cases,(2) the important leader in promoting the development and evolution of industrial structure and organization, which has led to the transformation of many scientific and technological achievements today,(3) the core organization to shape and guide the social atmosphere and political environment, which is precise

关 键 词：龙头企业 产业升级 新奇 创新驱动 非线性特征 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]