迈向“积极式”:澳大利亚公立中小学教育惩戒新动向  

Towards“Positive”:The New Trend of School Discipline Policy in Australian Government Schools

作　　者：尹雅丽 马早明[3] 佘永璇[4] YIN Yali;MA Zaoming;SHE Yongxuan

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广州510631 [2]赣南师范大学外国语学院,赣州341000 [3]华南师范大学东南亚文化教育研究中心,广州510631 [4]深圳市龙华区龙腾学校,深圳518110

出　　处：《现代教育论丛》2022年第1期66-74,112,共10页Modern Education Review

基　　金：2021年度江西省基础教育课题“教育惩戒视域下农村寄宿制学校学生规则意识培育的研究”[SZUGSZH 2021-1148]。

摘　　要：进入21世纪,在全纳教育理念及社会多方因素的推动下,澳大利亚公立中小学教育惩戒从立法到实践,历经了从肇始于20世纪90年代的“零容忍”到“积极式”的转变。2019年澳大利亚大部分州新修订的《学校纪律政策》作为“积极式”教育惩戒的政策范本,以保障学生个人权利,促进学生人格发展为政策目标,涵盖了纪律准则、纪律改进及多元惩戒三位一体的学校治理方案。作为《学校纪律政策》的延伸,澳大利亚公立中小学探索教育惩戒的实施路径具体包括:创设恢复性环境,开发同侪调解与会议调解项目,逐级划分惩戒事件类型,整体上呈现迈向“积极式”的趋势。“积极式”教育惩戒基于“公平、公正”的育人观、层级化的惩戒措施和恢复性的惩戒保障,映射了澳大利亚公立中小学教育惩戒价值取向的新变化,也开启了澳大利亚公立中小学教育惩戒发展的新方向。In the 21 st century,under the promotion of inclusive education concept and various social factors,the education discipline system in Australian government primary and secondary schools has undergone a change from the 1990 s’ “zero tolerance”to “positive” from legislation to practice. The newly revised School Discipline Policy in most Australian states in 2019 serves as a model for the “positive ” educational discipline policy. It aims to protect the individual rights of students and promote the development of students’ personality, it also covers the trinity of school governance with discipline guidelines, discipline improvement and multiple disciplines. As an extension of the School Discipline Policy,Australian government schools explore the implementation path of education discipline,it includes creating a restorative environment and developing peer mediation and meeting mediation skills. The types of disciplinary incidents are divided step by step,and the overall trend is towards “positive”disciplinary action. Based on the educational concept of “fairness and justice”,hierarchical disciplinary measures and restorative disciplinary guarantee,the “positive” education discipline reflects new changes in the value orientation and opens a new direction for the development of education discipline in government primary and secondary schools in Australia.

关 键 词：澳大利亚 公立中小学 “积极式”教育惩戒 “零容忍”教育惩戒 教育惩戒政策 

分 类 号：G561􀆰[文化科学—教育学]