酒糟纤维素降解菌的分离及其堆肥应用  

Isolation and Compost Application of High-Activity Cellulose-degrading Strains from Distiller’s Grains

作　　者：吴耀领 席晓黎 曾祥炼 吕锡斌 王和玉 王莉 WU Yaoling;XI Xiaoli;ZENG Xianglian;LüXibin;WANG Heyu;WANG Li(Kweichow Moutai Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州茅台酒股份有限公司,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第1期79-88,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC06B12)。

摘　　要：为高效降解酒糟中的纤维素,促进酒糟堆肥快速腐熟,改善酒糟有机肥品质,采用纤维素刚果红培养基和赫奇逊噬纤维素培养基从丢弃酒糟中筛选高效降解纤维素的菌株。结果表明,筛选到3株纤维素降解菌MM2、MM6和MX8,经鉴定分别为宛氏拟青霉(Paecilomyces varioti)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)和地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。稻草降解试验表明,菌株两两之间在纤维素降解方面存在一定协同性。将上述3株菌按照1∶1∶1混合制备成复合菌剂,再以0.6%、0.8%和1.0%接种量分别添加至酒糟中进行堆肥功能验证,发现复合菌剂能够迅速在酒糟高酸环境中定植并生长,具有较好的酸环境适应性。复合菌剂可明显提高堆体的升温速度,降低酒糟堆肥酸度,改善堆肥质量,缩短堆肥周期。堆肥发酵30 d后,3种不同复合菌剂接种量(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)酒糟中的纤维素分别降解了28.6%、34.8%和37.0%(对照组纤维素降解了18.0%),酒糟T值分别降至0.67、0.62和0.61(对照组T值降至0.76)。0.8%和1.0%的复合菌剂添加量更有利于酒糟堆肥的腐熟。综上,从白酒酒糟中筛选出的3株菌株能够高效降解纤维素,在酒糟高酸环境中能够迅速定植生长,明显促进酒糟堆肥腐熟和缩短堆肥周期,可用于酒糟堆肥的工业化生产。In order to efficiently degrade cellulose in distiller’s grains,promote the rapid composting of distiller’s grains,and improve the quality of lees organic fertilizer,cellulose-congo red medium and Hutcherson filter paper strip liquid medium were used to isolate high-activity cellulose-degrading strains from distiller’s grains.The results showed that three high-activity cellulose-degrading strains(MM2,MM6 and MX8)were obtained from distiller’s grains,which were identified as Paecilomyces varioti,Aspergillus fumigatus and Bacillus licheniformis,respectively.The results of straw-degrading test showed that there was a natural synergy between any two of the three strains in cellulose degradation.Three kinds of strains were inoculated respectively on the bran to propagate,and then mixed to prepare a complex microbial community(CMC)according to the ratio of 1∶1∶1,and 0.6%,0.8%and 1.0%of CMC were added to the distiller’s grains to verify the compost function of CMC.The results showed that the CMC could quickly colonize and grow in the high-acid environment of distiller’s grains,and had strong adaptability to the acid environment.The addition of CMC during the composting process of distiller’s grains could significantly increase the temperature of the compost,reduce the acidity of the compost and shorten the cycle of composting.After 30 days of fermentation,the cellulose of the distiller’s grains with0.6%,0.8%and 1.0%inoculation amount of CMC was degraded by 28.6%,34.8%and 37.0%(the control was 18.0%),and the T value of distiller’s grains decreased to 0.67,0.62,and 0.61(the control was 0.76),respectively.Therefore,0.8%and 1.0%inoculation amount of CMC was more conducive to the maturation of distiller’s grains compost.In conclusion,three high-activity cellulose-degrading strains are isolated from distiller’s grains in this study.They can effectively degrade cellulose,quickly colonize and grow in the high-acid environment of distiller’s grains,significantly raise the quality of compost and shorte

关 键 词：酒糟 纤维素降解菌 分离 复合菌剂 堆肥 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]