商周时期祝寿类语辞礼制内涵的嬗变——以《诗经》文本为中心  

The Evolution of the Ritual Connotation of Birthday Greetings in Shang and Zhou Dynasties--Centered on the Texts of The Book of Songs

作　　者：郝建杰[1] Hao Jianjie

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院文学院,晋中030619

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第2期151-157,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《诗经》与礼制研究”(16ZDA172)。

摘　　要：作为人与神灵沟通的工具,商周时期的祝寿类语辞包含着非常丰富的文化内涵,经历了一个不断嬗变的发展历程。先周时期,商、周两个族群祝寿类语辞内涵既呈现出以现实需求为根的共性,又因文化差异而呈现出商人重神性与周人重人情的礼制区别。西周时期,周人的祝寿类语辞充斥于贵族的礼制生活,一元独尊化、现实政治化、亲族人伦化的倾向愈加明显。东周时期,祝寿类语辞的使用出现了向下层贵族泛化的趋势,其礼制内涵也逐渐形式化、空洞化。这一嬗变过程一方面反映了不同族群、不同时代礼制的起伏跌宕,另一方面也预示着一个轻礼制的新时代的来临。As a means of communication between human beings and Gods,the birthday greetings in Shang and Zhou Dynasties contained rich cultural connotations and experienced a continuous evolution of development.In the pre-Zhou period,due to the differences of development stages and time and local environment between the two ethnic groups,the connotation of birthday greetings not only showed the commonness of the two ethnic groups based on practical needs,but also showed the difference between the ritual system of Shang which attached importance to divinity and that of Zhou which focused on humanity;During the Western Zhou Dynasty,the birthday greetings of the Zhou people were full of the ritual life of the Zhou aristocrats,and the tendency of monism,realistic politicization and kinship ethics became more and more obvious;During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,the connotation of birthday greetings continued to change,and there was a trend of generalization to the lower aristocrats,and its connotation was also gradually formalized and empty.This evolution process reflected the ups and downs of ritual systems of different ethnic groups and different times,and also indicated the advent of a new era which attached little importance to rituals.

关 键 词：商周时期 祝寿 礼制 《诗经》 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]