行株距对稻鳖共作模式水稻和中华鳖生长形态及综合效益的影响  

Effect of row spacing on growth,morphology and comprehensive benefits for rice and turtle in rice-turtle co-culture models

作　　者：吴本丽 黄龙 张烨 陈静[1] 奚业文[2] 何吉祥[1] 吴仓仓 陈夏君 WU Ben-li;HUANG Long;ZHANG Ye;CHEN Jing;XI Ye-wen;HE Ji-xiang;WU Cang-cang;CHEN Xia-jun(Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture&Stock Enhancement/Fisheries Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,China;Fisheries Technology Extension Center of Anhui Province,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]安徽省水产技术推广总站,合肥230601

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第2期105-112,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300904-4);合肥市农业首席专家工作室(202007);安徽省农业科学院创新团队(2021YL028)。

摘　　要：为优化稻鳖共作模式提供参考,本实验选择适宜稻鳖共作的籼稻丰两优香1号(FLY1)和粳稻香软粳2728(XR2728),在穴密度相同的条件下,设置4组不同行株距的稻鳖共作组和仅种植水稻的对照组,并监测当地常规种植模式产量和效益。按照525 kg/hm^(2)养殖密度投放中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis),监测各组水稻和中华鳖生长、形态和产量等指标,通过水稻和中华鳖形态特征值间的相关性分析评价不同行株距对中华鳖外观形态和经济效益的影响。结果显示,FLY1和XR2728水稻产量分别为7.04~8.66 t/hm^(2)和5.78~7.25 t/hm^(2),最高产量分别出现在行株距为27.0 cm×16.7 cm和30.0 cm×13.3 cm。稻鳖共作组水稻产量均超过常规水稻单作组产量,水稻产量随行距减小有下降趋势。丰两优香1号组株高、有效分蘖数和穗粒数在各共作组间差异不显著;香软粳272830.0 cm×13.3 cm组株高、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著高于对照组。投放密度为525 kg/hm^(2)时,丰两优香1号和香软粳2728号稻田中华鳖产量分别为0.89~1.04 t/hm^(2)和0.84~0.99 t/hm^(2)。水稻行株距与中华鳖产量和形体指标均呈极显著正相关关系,其中,FLY1较宽行距30.0 cm×13.3 cm和27cm×16.7 cm组裙边宽/背甲长、尾长/背甲长值较大;XR2728较宽行距30.0 cm×13.3 cm和27cm×16.7 cm组腹甲宽/背甲长,裙边宽/背甲长和前肢长/背甲长值较大。采用宽行距可有效提高综合经济收益,每公顷效益可达60000元以上。结果表明在水稻总穴数一致情况下,较宽行距有助于提高水稻和中华鳖产量效益、有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率等农艺性状及中华鳖裙边宽度等形态指标。水稻农艺性状与中华鳖形态指标存在显著相关性,且对水稻行株距具有一定适应性。The turtle and rice growth,morphology,and economic benefits were monitored to analyze the mutually adaptive relationship between rice and turtles in rice-turtle co-culture under different row spacing to provide basis to optimize resource utilization and production strategy of the rice-turtle co-culture.Two frequently-used rice varieties FLY1 and XR2728 were selected and four different rows spacing in the same rice population were set.The conventional rice planting models were developed as the control group.The growth,morphology and yield of rice and turtle in each group were monitored during the cultivation.The correlation analysis between rice row spacing and turtle morphological characteristics were conducted to evaluate the effects and adaptive relationship.The rice grain yield was 7.04~8.66 t/hm^(2) and 5.78~7.25 t/hm^(2) for FLY1 and XR2728,which were higher in co-culture groups than the control group.The maximum yield occurred in row spacing of 27.0 cm×16.7 cm and 30.0 cm×13.3 cm for the two varieties,respectively.The yield decreased with the decline of row spacing.There was no significant difference on plant height,effective tiller number and thousand-grain weight among different row spacing groups of FLY1.For XR2728,the plant height,adequate tiller number,grains and filled grain rate and grain weight were significantly higher in co-culture groups of(30 cm×13.3 cm)than the control group.The turtle production was 0.89~1.04 t/hm^(2) and 0.84~0.99 t/hm^(2) for the two varieties when the initial stocking density was 525 t/hm^(2).There was an obvious positive correlation between row spacing and turtle yield and morphological indices.The relative plastron width and tail length were higher in groups of 30.0 cm×13.3 cm and 27 cm×16.7 cm in FLY1.The relative plastron width,foreleg and lateral calipash width were higher in groups of 30.0 cm×13.3 cm and 27 cm×16.7 cm in XR2728.Relative wider row spacing could promote the economic benefit and achieve 60000 yuan per hectare.The relative wide row spacing promoted

关 键 词：稻鳖共作 行株距 产量 效益 形态适应 

分 类 号：S966.5[农业科学—水产养殖]