心的性化:荀子与儒家心学初成  

The Transformation from Heart-mind to Human Nature:Xunzi and the Preliminary Formation of the Heart-mind Theory of Confucianism

作　　者：张恒 ZHANG Heng(International Institute of Confucianism,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Jinan 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院国际儒学研究院,山东济南250002

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2022年第2期16-24,共9页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“传统儒家心灵哲学研究”(20FZXA005)。

摘　　要：“善解荀子”与“统合孟荀”是近年“荀学热”中涌现的新见,这对于重新认识荀子、消弭荀孟之间的思想张力大有推进之功,但却并未从根本上改变“荀孟对峙”的刻板印象。从语言哲学角度看,尽管荀孟在概念使用上存在错位,但其对广义人性的理解一脉相承。荀子从所谓“性恶”出发,通过“以伪别性”将“善”的问题引向了“心”,“心”不仅是恶的来源,也是善的依据,呈现出多维立体结构。同时,荀子也意识到“心”作为德性之源并不能保证德行的实现,主张以外在的师法礼义治气养心、化性起伪。荀子对“心”的完整结构及其限度的发现使滥觞于孔孟的儒家心学至此方谓初成。The interpretation of Xunzi is an advocate of the theory of good nature and the attempt to unify Mencius and Xunzi are new ideas that emerged in the fever of Xunzi studies in recent years,which made great progress in re-understanding of Xunzi and eliminating the ideological tension between Xunzi and Mencius,but did not fundamentally change the stereotype of“Xunzi and Mencius are confrontational”.From the perspective of linguistic philosophy,although Xunzi and Mencius used different concepts,their understanding of broad human nature came down in one continuous line.Starting from the so-called“theory of original evil of human nature”,Xunzi directed the problem of goodness to the heart-mind by distinguishing between“Wei”(伪)and human nature.Heart-mind is not only the source of evil,but also the basis of goodness,presenting a multi-dimensional structure.At the same time,Xunzi also realized that heart-mind as the source of virtue could not guarantee the realization of virtue,and advocated external teaching and ritual to govern Qi and nourish heart-mind,to change human nature by man-made.Xunzi’s discovery of the complete structure of the heart-mind and its limits made the preliminary formation of the heart-mind theory of Confucianism that originated from Confucius and Mencius.

关 键 词：荀子 心学 心的性化 以性释心 孟子 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B82