不同健康状态咖啡根际环境特征比较研究  

Comparative Study on Characteristics of Coffee Rhizosphere Envi-ronment in Different Health States

作　　者：谭军 孙证 张昂 林兴军[1] 曲鹏 龙宇宙[1] 董云萍[1] TAN Jun;SUN Zheng;ZHANG Ang;LIN Xingjun;QU Peng;LONG Yuzhou;DONG Yunping(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Re�sources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory ofGenetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;TropicalCrops College,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu’er,Yunnan 665099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第3期606-613,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31901469);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.320QN345);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(No.1630142020006)。

摘　　要：咖啡是世界三大饮料之一,具有广泛的营养价值、经济价值和药用价值。咖啡产业已成为我国热带经济作物优势产业之一。咖啡是多年生经济作物,随着其种植年限的增加,老咖啡园更新换代的时候,咖啡产生了严重的再植病,已成为影响咖农增收,制约产业可持续发展的严重问题,亟待解决。为揭示咖啡再植病产生机理,本研究分别在澄迈、琼海和万宁选择代表性咖啡园采集健康和发病咖啡根际土壤,并在毗邻区域采集对照土壤(CK),测定其主要理化指标、酶活性、可培养微生物数量及代谢特征。研究表明:3个地区的健康和发病植株根际土壤pH均极显著低于CK(P<0.01),万宁地区发病植株根际土壤全钾、速效钾和全氮含量均不同程度的低于健康植株,但差异均未达显著水平,澄迈地区发病植株根际土壤全氮含量显著低于健康植株(P<0.05),3个地区的发病植株根际土壤碱解氮含量均显著高于健康植株(P<0.05),琼海地区发病植株根际土壤有效磷和有机质含量均显著高于健康植株(P<0.05);发病植株根际土壤的CAT、POD、纤维素酶、酸性磷酸酶活性高于健康植株,脲酶活性则反之;发病植株根际可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量及其代谢活力均低于健康咖啡植株,微生物多样性降低。相关性分析表明,万宁地区土壤脲酶活性与细菌、放线菌呈显著正相关,澄迈、琼海地区土壤POD与细菌呈显著正相关,3个地区的土壤纤维素酶与真菌均达显著正相关。综上可知,发病咖啡植株根际土壤出现了酸化、养分失衡、微生物多样性降低的问题,咖啡再植病的发生与其根际环境灾变密切相关。本研究结论为克服咖啡再植障碍提供了理论依据。Coffee is one of the three major beverages in the world,which has a wide range of nutritional,economic and medicinal value.Coffee industry has become one of the advantageous industries of cash crops in hot areas in China.Coffee is a perennial crop.With the increase of planting years and the renewal of old coffee plantations,coffee has produced serious replantation diseases,which has become a serious problem affecting the income increase of coffee farmers and restricting the sustainable development of industry.So it needs to be solved urgently.In order to reveal the mechanism of coffee replantation diseases,the healthy and diseased coffee rhizosphere soils were collected from the representative coffee plantations in Chengmai,Qionghai and Wanning,respectively,and CK was collected from adjacent areas.The main physical and chemical indexes,enzyme activity,and the quantity and metabolic characteristics of cul-turable microorganisms were determined.In the three areas,pH of the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants was significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.01),and the contents of total potassium,available potassium and total nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were lower than those of healthy plants,and the difference of total nitrogen between healthy and diseased plants was significant in Chengmai(P<0.05);the content of rhizosphere soil of diseased plants alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in the three regions was significantly higher than that of healthy plants(P<0.05),and the contents of the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants available phosphorus and organic matter in Qiong-hai were significantly higher than those of healthyplants(P<0.05).The activity of CAT,POD,cellulase and acid phos-phatase in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was higher than that of healthy plants,while urease activity was on the contrary.The number and metabolic activity of culturable bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of dis-eased plants were lower than those in healthy coffee plants,and the microbi

关 键 词：咖啡 再植障碍 根际环境 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学] S-3