人工光子学器件的逆向设计方法与应用(特邀)  

Inverse Design Methods and Applications of Photonics Devices(Invited)

作　　者：玛地娜 程化 田建国 陈树琪 MA Dina;CHENG Hua;TIAN Jianguo;CHEN Shuqi(The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics,Ministry of Education,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center,School of Physics,TEDA Institute of Applied Physics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学物理科学学院,泰达应用物理研究院,弱光非线性光子学教育部重点实验室,天津300071 [2]山西大学极端光学协同创新中心,太原030006 [3]山东师范大学光场调控及应用协同创新中心,济南250358

出　　处：《光子学报》2022年第1期164-185,共22页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(Nos.2021YFA1400601,2017YFA0303800);国家杰出青年科学基金(No.11925403);国家自然科学基金(Nos.12122406,12192253,11974193);天津市杰出青年科学基金(No.18JCJQJC45700)。

摘　　要：人工设计的光子学器件在超分辨、生物传感、光通信等领域都取得了卓越的成就。传统光子学器件的设计往往是通过分析物理模型和建立数值模拟方法实现的,但是基于数值模拟方法的结构设计很大程度上依赖于经验模型,同时在结构优化的过程中需要计算大量的参数组合,因此通常只能在有限的参数空间得到次优的结果。光子学器件的逆向设计有效的解决了上述问题。逆向设计方法可以在更广阔的参数空间寻找最优结构分布,还可以设计人脑无法直观设计的不规则结构,这使得光子学器件的性能更接近极限。本文介绍了光子学器件逆向设计的常用方法及基于逆向设计的几个重要应用。逆向设计方法有望促进集成光学及光场调控领域的发展。In the past three decades,artificial photonics devices have made remarkable achievements in the fields of super-resolution,biosensing and optical communication. The designs of traditional photonics devices are usually realized by analyzing physical models and establishing numerical simulation methods.However,the structural design based on the numerical simulation method largely depends on the empirical model,and a large number of parameter combinations need to be calculated in the process of structural optimization,so it can only get suboptimal results in a limited parameter space. With the continuous improvement of computer computing capability and the enrichment of computer algorithms,the inverse design of photonics devices can effectively solve the above obstacles. The inverse design method can not only find the optimal structure distribution in a broader parameter space,but also design irregular structures that cannot be directly designed by human brain,which makes the performance of inverse designed photonics devices closer to the limit. This review first introduces the three common methods of photonic device inverse design and then introduces several important applications based on inverse design methods in detail. Common inverse design methods can be divided into gradient descent algorithm and genetic algorithm. Gradient descent algorithm uses gradient information to guide the optimization of structure.Topology optimization is a commonly used algorithm in gradient descent algorithm,which can optimize the material distribution in a given design area according to the given objective function and constraint function.The gradient of objective function in topology optimization is usually calculated by adjoint method. Genetic algorithm looks for the global optimal value by simulating the evolution process of“survival of the fittest”.The algorithm has four main steps:initial population guess,crossover,mutation and selection. By iterating the above four steps for a certain number of times,the whole population

关 键 词：梯度下降算法 遗传算法 深度学习 拓扑优化 相位设计 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程]