草地贪夜蛾的有效积温和发育始点及其发生世代预测  

The developmental zeros,effective accumulative temperatures and theoretical number of annual generations of Spodoptera frugiperda in Shandong Province

作　　者：刘小宇 荣志云 王连刚 姚超[4] 张路生[5] 迟金强 林倩 董秀霞 姚晓灵 徐德坤 萧玉涛 李向东[1] 郑方强[1] LIU Xiao-Yu;RONG Zhi-Yun;WANG Lian-Gang;YAO Chao;ZHANG Lu-Sheng;CHI Jin-Qiang;LIN Qian;DONG Xiu-Xia;YAO Xiao-Ling;XU De-Kun;XIAO Yu-Tao;LI Xiang-Dong;ZHENG Fang-Qiang(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an 271018,Shandong Province,China;Shangzhuang Town People's Government of Rongcheng City,Rongcheng 264313,Shandong Province,China;Plant Protection Office,Qingdao Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Qingdao 266071,Shandong Province,China;Tai an Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Tai an 271000,Shandong Province,China;Binzhou Plant Protection Station,Binzhou 256600,Shandong Province,China;Weihai Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center of Shandong Province,Weihai 264200,Shandong Province,China;Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shandong Province,Yantai 264001,Shandong Province,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Chiping District,Liaocheng City,Chiping 252100,Shandong Province,China;Linyi Plant Protection Station of Shandong Province,Linyi 264001,Shandong Province,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省荣成市上庄镇人民政府,山东荣成264313 [3]山东省青岛市农业技术推广中心植物保护处,山东青岛266071 [4]山东省泰安市气象局,山东泰安271000 [5]山东省滨州市植保站,山东滨州256600 [6]山东省威海市农业农村事务服务中心,山东威海264200 [7]山东省烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001 [8]聊城市茌平区农业农村局,山东茌平252100 [9]山东省临沂市植保站,山东临沂264001 [10]中国农业科学研究院深圳基因组研究所,深圳518120

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2022年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200604);山东现代化农业产业体系(SDAIT-02-10)。

摘　　要：草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)自2019年6月入侵山东后,同年于山东部分地区发现其为害夏玉米,对当地玉米Zea mays L.的生产造成威胁。为了明确温度对该害虫的影响和在山东不同地区的发生世代数,进行了温度对其生长发育、生存的研究,测定了其适温范围、发育始点和有效积温,并按地理位置预测了不同地区的发生世代数,为草地贪夜蛾在各地区的监测预警和科学防治提供了理论依据。室内设置6个梯度温度(15、18、21、24、27、30℃),以新鲜嫩玉米粒为食料饲喂幼虫,观察了不同温度下草地贪夜蛾各阶段的发育历期和存活率,利用直线回归法和直接最优法计算该害虫各虫态/虫龄的发育始点和有效积温,并根据山东各地区的月平均气温数据计算理论发生世代数。在温度设置范围内,15℃时,幼虫和蛹死亡率显著最高,分别为22.57%、85.71%;18℃时,幼虫和蛹死亡率分别为21.09%、23.19%;15℃时卵发育至蛹的死亡率为97.37%,18℃为51.82%。根据直线回归法计算草地贪夜蛾卵、幼虫、蛹、全世代的发育始点分别为14.16、14.00、14.77、12.72℃,有效积温分别为38.21、155.42、114.36、523.33日·度;直接最优法计算的发育始点分别为13.41、14.39、15.12、13.30℃,有效积温分别为41.96、149.20、110.47、497.78日·度。根据发育始点和有效积温分别计算各地的年理论发生世代数,结果为鲁北地区发生3.6~3.9代,鲁南地区发生3.5~3.7代,鲁中地区发生3.5~3.8代,鲁西地区发生3.2~3.5代;胶东半岛地区2.5~3.4代。根据本试验得出适宜草地贪夜蛾生长发育的温度为24~30℃;山东各地区草地贪夜蛾理论发生世代之间存在差异,将其发生世代的不同大体分为胶东半岛2.5~3.5代区,鲁西3.0~3.5代区,鲁中、鲁南、鲁北为3.5~4.0代区,表现为南北向地区差异不大,东西向地区有较大差异。The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),invaded Shandong Province in June in 2019 and then infested maize in many areas,posing a great threat to Zea mays L.production.The effects of temperatures on the growth and survival of S.frugiperda in Shandong Province were studied,and the developmental zeros and the effective accumulative temperatures of the pest were determined,the number of occurrence generations of S.frugiperda in five representative regions was predicted.All the research provided theoretical basis for monitoring,prediction and scientific control of the pest.S.frugiperda larvae fed with fresh maize kernels were reared at constant series temperatures(15,18,21,24,27,30℃)in the laboratory.The durations and survival rates of different developmental stages were observed.The developmental zeros and effective accumulative temperatures of S.frugiperda at each stage/instar and the whole generations were determined by the linear regression method and the direct optimal method,and theoretical number of generations was calculated according to the meteorological data in Shandong Province.From 15℃to 30℃,the developmental durations of each stage and whole generations were significantly shortened with the increase of temperatures.At 15℃,the mortality rates of larvae and pupae were 22.57%and 85.71%;at 18℃,the mortality rates of larvae and pupae were 21.09%and 23.19%respectively.The mortalities of preadults(from eggs to pupae)were 97.37%at 15℃and 51.82%at 18℃.According to the linear regression method,the developmental zeros of eggs,larvae,pupae,whole generations were 14.16,14.00,14.77,12.72℃,respectively and the effective accumulative temperatures were 38.21,155.42,114.36,523.33 day·degree,respectively;Based on the direct optimization method,the developmental zeros of eggs,larvae,pupae,whole generation were 13.41,14.39,15.12,13.30℃,respectively and the effective accumulative temperatures were 41.96,149.20,110.47,497.78 day·degree,respectively.According to the developmental zeros and the eff

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 发育历期 有效积温 发育始点 世代 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]