7种生物杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾和粘虫幼虫的毒力与防效  

Toxicity and control efficacy of seven bio-insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata larvae

作　　者：冯磊 唐圣松 刘芳 戴长庚 邢济春[1] 李鸿波 FENG Lei;TANG Sheng-Song;LIU Fang;DAI Chang-Geng;XING Ji-Chun;LI Hong-Bo(Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;School of Agriculture,College of Anshun,Anshun 561000,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学昆虫研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵阳550006 [3]安顺学院农学院,贵州安顺561000

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2022年第1期35-43,共9页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200700);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]218);贵州省农业科学院青年基金[(2020)13号];贵州省农业农村厅横向委托项目(2020-1,2020-2);贵州省特色杂粮产业体系(2020-01)。

摘　　要：草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda和粘虫Mythimna separata是我国玉米上的重要害虫,二者在田间混合发生,对玉米安全生产构成严重威胁。为筛选同时控制草地贪夜蛾与粘虫的高效生物杀虫剂,采用饲料药膜法和喷雾法分别测定了7种生物杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾和粘虫2龄幼虫的室内毒力和田间防效。室内生测结果表明,多杀霉素对草地贪夜蛾和粘虫的LC_(50)分别为0.0080μg/mL和0.0006μg/mL,甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae Linnaeus NPV对两种害虫的LC_(50)则分别为8.75×10^(4) PIB/mL和5.71×10^(3) PIB/mL,金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae对草地贪夜蛾的毒力高于粘虫(1.10×10^(6) cfu/mL VS 1.40×10^(8) cfu/mL),而短稳杆菌Empedobacter brevis对粘虫的毒力高于草地贪夜蛾(3.00×10^(8) cfu/mL VS 4.63×10^(7) cfu/mL),Bt-1和Bt-2对两种害虫的毒力相似,而Bt-3对草地贪夜蛾的毒力高于粘虫(40.46 IU/mL VS 158.57 IU/mL)。田间试验结果表明,药后3 d,多杀霉素和甘蓝夜蛾NPV对两种害虫的防效最好,均在80%以上。短稳杆菌和3种Bt对草地贪夜蛾的防效均大于75%,均显著高于金龟子绿僵菌;而短稳杆菌、3种Bt和金龟子绿僵菌对粘虫的防效均低于51.00%。药后7 d,多杀霉素和甘蓝夜蛾NPV对草地贪夜蛾和粘虫的防效均在88%以上;3种Bt草地贪夜蛾的防效在62.01%~88.47%之间,对粘虫的防效在66.43%~80.05%之间;短稳杆菌对两种害虫的防效分别为64.37%和46.24%。综上,多杀霉素和甘蓝夜蛾NPV可以作为同时防治两种害虫的应急药剂,3种Bt和短稳杆菌对两种害虫的防效相对较低,建议在两种害虫种群密度较低且虫龄较低时使用,达到轮换用药和延缓抗药性产生的目的。Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata are two major insect pests on maize,which co-occur in the field and threaten maize production in China.In order to screen bio-insecticides with high control efficacy against the second instar larvae of S.frugiperda and M.separata,we evaluated toxicity and control efficacy of seven bio-insecticides against these two important pests both in laboratory and field.Laboratory bio-assay showed that LC_(50) of spinosad for S.frugiperda and for M.separata were 0.008μg/mL and 0.0006μg/mL,respectively.LC_(50) of MbNPV for the two pests were 8.75×10^(4) PIB/mL and 5.71×10^(3) PIB/mL,respectively.Metarhizium anisopliae had higher toxicity to S.frugiperda than to M.separata(1.10×10^(6) cfu/mL VS 1.40×10^(8) cfu/mL),while Empedobacter brevis had higher toxicity to M.separata than to S.frugiperda(3.00×10^(8) cfu/mL VS 4.63×10^(7) cfu/mL).Among three Bacillus thuringiensis(Bts),Bt-1 and Bt-2 had the similar toxicity to these pests,but Bt-3 had higher toxicity to S.frugiperda than to M.separata(40.46 IU/mL VS 158.57 IU/mL).Field experiments showed that spinosad and MbNPV had high control efficacy(both>80%)against larvae of these two pests on 3 d treated.Control efficacy of E.brevis and three Bts were above 75.00%,which were significantly higher than that of M.anisopliae(44.79%).However,control efficacy of these insecticides against M.separata were all<51.00%.At 7 d treated,control efficacy of spinosad and MbNPV for the two pests were all above 88.00%.Control efficacy of three Bts for S.frugiperda ranged from 62.01%to 88.47%,while for M.separata ranged from 66.43%to 80.05%.E.brevis had relative low control efficacy 64.37%against S.frugiperda and 46.24%against M.seprata,respectively.Therefore,spinosad and MbNPV should be applied to control these pests in case of urgent needed,while three Bts and E.brevis are suitable for preventive control and for the purpose of resistance control.

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 粘虫 生物杀虫剂 毒力 防效 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]