中低温能源在中国  

MID-/LOW-TEMPERATURE ENERGY IN CHINA

作　　者：赵军[1] 李扬[1] 李浩[1] 钟声远 马凌 李文甲 Zhao Jun;Li Yang;Li Hao;Zhong Shengyuan;Ma Ling;Li Wenjia(Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]中低温热能高效利用教育部重点实验室(天津大学),天津300350

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2022年第2期250-260,共11页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“变革性技术关键科学问题”重点专项(2018YFA070220)。

摘　　要：推动中低温能源的规模化应用是中国重构能源供给格局、实现清洁、低碳与可持续发展的有效途径。然而,目前中国中低温能源尚无完善的统计和明确的专项能源规划,其开发利用情况尚不明确;同时,中低温能源品位低、能量密度小,其开发利用仍然面临获取难、转换方式单一等问题,缺乏有效的技术路线指导。该文从中国能源结构中供需匹配角度出发,对地热能、太阳能、工业余热与海洋热能四类典型中低温能源的年可利用量、利用现状与潜力等方面进行分析,并对未来的能源结构及相关前沿技术进行预测与讨论。结果显示,中国地热能、太阳能、工业余热与海洋热能年可利用量(资源量)分别达到1.17×10^(10)、4.90×10^(10)、4.86×10^(6)、2.95×10^(9)TJ,但目前中低温能源利用量仅约占中国能源总利用量的3%(2017年中国能源总利用量为1.36×10^(8)TJ)。预测结果显示,至2050年4类典型中低温能源利用将占中国能源总利用量的8%至21%,显示了中低温能源的重要地位,也凸显了相关研究与利用的广阔前景。Promoting the large-scale application of mid-/low-temperature energy is an effective way to restructure China’s energy supply patterns and achieve the goal of clean,low-carbon and sustainable developments.However,there are currently no perfect statistics and clear special energy planning of the mid-/low-temperature energy resources in China,and thus their developments and utilizations are unclear.Besides,since the mid-/low-temperature energy resources are featured by the low energy grade and low energy density,their developments and utilizations still face intractable problems,such as the difficult obtainment way,single utilization mode,and lack of effective technical route guidance.In China,from the perspective of energy supply and demand matching in current energy structures,this paper comprehensively reviews the annual available amounts,utilization status and development potentials of four typical kinds of the mid-/low-temperature energy resources,including the geothermal energy,solar energy,industrial waste heat and the ocean thermal energy.Afterwards,this paper forecasts the future energy structures and discusses the relevant cutting-edge technologies.It is shown that the annual available exergy amounts of the geothermal energy,solar energy,industrial waste heat,and ocean thermal energy in China is 1.17×10^(10),4.90×10^(10),4.86×10^(6) and 2.95×10^(9)TJ,respectively,but the current utilization amounts of the mid-/low-temperature energy resources only account for about 3%of the total energy consumptions(1.36×10^(8)TJ in 2017).In the forecast analysis,it is found that the energy utilization proportion of the four typical energy resources rises form 8%to 21%by the year of 2050,which proves the significance of the mid-/low-temperature energy resources and the promising prospect of the related research.

关 键 词：可再生能源 热能 中低温能源 能源结构 能源资源 预测 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理]