壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇液态地膜的制备与应用  

Preparation and applications of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)liquid mulch films

作　　者：隋振全 毛金超 范金石 SUI Zhenquan;MAO Jinchao;FAN Jinshi(College of Marine Science and Bioengineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China;State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-chemical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学海洋科学与生物工程学院,山东青岛266042 [2]省部共建生态化工国家重点实验室培育基地,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《中国塑料》2022年第3期21-25,共5页China Plastics

基　　金：青海省盐湖资源综合利用重点实验室开放基金(Q-SYS-201516-KF-02);生态化工国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金(STHG202002)。

摘　　要：采用溶液共混法将壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇制备成可降解液态地膜,研究了壳聚糖溶液与聚乙烯醇溶液的质量比对共混干膜的力学性能、水蒸气透过率和水溶性的影响规律,还测定了液态地膜对土壤含水率、蔬菜种子发芽率及大棚番茄生长发育的影响。结果表明,当壳聚糖溶液(浓度为1.0%,质量分数,下同)和聚乙烯醇溶液(浓度为4.0%)的质量比(m_(A)∶m_(B))为8∶2时干膜的综合性能较好;液态地膜能够减缓土壤中水分的蒸发量,施用液态地膜14 d后的失水率比空白对照组低4.02%;油麦菜、甜脆小白菜8201和中蔬四号番茄喷施液态地膜12 d后发芽率比对照组分别提高了4%、7%和4%;大棚番茄(元芳)幼苗在喷施液态地膜21 d后幼苗的平均节数比对照组多0.23节、平均株高比对照高2.47 cm。To deal with the environmental and ecological problems caused by plastic mulch films,a type of degradable liquid mulch films was successfully prepared through solution blending using chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol)as raw materials.The effect of the solution mass ratio of chitosan to polyvinyl alcohol on the mechanical properties,water vapor transmission rate,and water solubility of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol dry films was investigated.The water content of soil,seed germination rate,and the growth of tomato in greenhouse were evaluated after spraying chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol liquid mulch films.The results indicated that the chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol dry films exhibited optimal comprehensive performance at a mass ratio of chitosan solution(1.0 wt%)to polyvinyl alcohol solution(4.0 wt%)of 8∶2.The liquid chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol mulch films could reduce the water evaporation in the soil,and they presented a water loss rate of 4.02 wt%after applying the liquid mulch film for 14 days,which was lower than the control sample.Compared to the control sample,the Lettuce,sweet crispy Chinese cabbage 8201,and Zhongshu No.4 tomato exhibited an increase in germination rate by 4%,7%,and 4%,respectively,after spraying the liquid mulch films for 12 days.The node number of tomato seedlings was 0.23 greater than that of the control after spraying the liquid mulch films for 21 days,and their average plant height was 2.47 cm higher than that of the control.

关 键 词：壳聚糖 聚乙烯醇 液态地膜 可降解 保水性 种子发芽率 

分 类 号：TQ321[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]