玉米种子储藏技术研究  

Research on the Storage Technology of Corn Seed

作　　者：温东强[1] 邢钇浩 覃初贤[1] 覃欣广 望飞勇[1] WEN Dongqiang;XING Yihao;QIN Chuxian;QIN Xinguang;WANG Feiyong(Germplasm Genebank,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院种质库,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2021年第6期44-49,共6页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目“水稻、玉米种子生产加工和检测技术研究及应用”(桂科AA17204050)课题“水稻、玉米种子储藏技术研究及应用”(桂科AA17204050-4)。

摘　　要：为了探讨种子适宜的安全储藏条件,延长种子寿命提高种用价值并为种子储藏标准化提供理论依据。以杂交玉米种子为试验材料,加温干燥至15.0%、13.0%、12.0%、11.0%、10.0%共5个不同含水量档次的玉米种子储藏试样,采用编织袋包装、铝箔袋密封包装2种包装类型,种子分别储藏于三种条件:温度13℃、相对湿度55%,温度8℃、相对湿度50%,温度4℃、相对湿度40%的低温种子库内,每储藏6个月进行定期抽样检测种子的含水量和发芽率一次。结果表明,温度13℃、相对湿度55%低温种子库内玉米种子的平衡含水量为12.6%,温度8℃、相对湿度50%低温种子库内玉米种子的平衡含水量为12%,温度4℃、相对湿度40%低温种子库内玉米种子的平衡含水量为10.8%;种子含水量≤13.0%的杂交玉米种子,在这三种类型的低温种子库内储藏2a后发芽率仍保持在88%以上,均可安全储藏2a以上,种子种用价值高。因此,采用温度不高于13℃、相对湿度不高于55%的储藏条件建造低温种子库用于玉米种子储藏实际可行,储藏效果好,兼具节能、维持费用低特性,为种子企业建设低温种子库和禾谷类种子储藏标准化提供了理论依据。The study explores the suitable and safe storage conditions of seeds to prolong the life of seeds and improve the use value of seeds, providing a theoretical basis for the standardization of seed storage. Five sampled hybrid corn seeds were heated and dried to 15.0%,13.0%, 12.0%, 11.0% and 10.0% of moisture contents, respectively;packed into woven bag and aluminum foil sealed bag, respectively;and stored under three conditions: low-temperature seed bank at A(temperature 13℃, relative humidity 55%), B(temperature 8℃, relative humidity 50%) and C( temperature 4℃, relative humidity 40%), respectively. Every 6 months of storage, the seeds were regularly sampled and checked the moisture content and germination rate. Results showed that the equilibrium moisture content of corn seeds in the seed bank at A was 12.6%, at B was 12% and at C was 10.8%. Hybrid corn seeds, with a seed moisture content of ≤13.0%, after being stored in the three types of low-temperature seed bank for 2a, their germination rate remained above 88%, so they can be safely stored for more than 2a, and have high seed value. Therefore, it is practical and feasible to build a low-temperature seed bank for corn seed storage under storage conditions with temperature not higher than 13℃ and relative humidity not higher than 55%, which has good storage effect, energy saving and low maintenance cost. The study provides a theoretical basis for seed companies to build low-temperature seed banks and standardization of cereal seed storage.

关 键 词：玉米种子 安全储藏 低温种子库 含水量 发芽率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S339.3