劳动力有限供给条件下的二元经济转化探索  

On the Transformation of Dual Economy under the Condition of Limited Labor Supply

作　　者：杨俊青[1] 王玉博 靳伟择 Yang Junqing

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学工商管理学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2022年第1期44-58,127,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目:“山西企业激励创新型人力资源管理模式构建与实现研究”(编号:20190120)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：一个国家或地区农业劳动力由无限供给向稀缺转化过程中通常存在一个有限供给阶段,但古典二元经济学家的劳动力无限供给向稀缺转化理论未明确提出劳动力有限供给,导致学界在讨论二元经济转化过程中的刘易斯拐点时,出现一些争论。在研究二元经济转化路径时,又假定吸纳农业劳动力的现代部门主要将工资作为成本,通过低工资增加利润,吸纳农业劳动力,但长期低工资会造成消费不足、劳动者无力进行人力资本投资、劳资关系紧张等问题。因此,文章在界定劳动力有限供给理论内涵的基础上,分析中国农业劳动力有限供给出现时点、无限到有限过渡期、有限供给阶段。文章建议,在中国高质量创新发展与农业劳动力有限供给向稀缺转化(刘易斯第二转折点实现)中,推进中小微企业使用总体报酬,激励吸纳的农业劳动力提供高质量的创新劳动,实现劳动者、企业与二元经济转化共赢。There should be a stage of limited agricultural labor force supply within the transformation process from infinite supply to scarcity in a nation.The classical dual economist’s theory considering the transformation is the direct process from infinite supply to scarcity does not clearly state this stage,resulting in some controversies appeared in the academic circle when discussing the Lewis turning point in the transformation of dual economy.Besides,during exploring the transformation path of dual economy,it is assumed that the modern sector absorbing agricultural labor force mainly regard wages as costs,and low wages policy were adopted as weapons to increase profits.However,long-term low wages will lead to problems such as insufficient consumption and workers’inability to make investment in human capital,which in due course affects labor relations.Hence,this paper defines a new term of limited supply of labor force,and analyses the phase of the timing point,the interim period of infinite to limited supply,and limited supply to agricultural labor.The paper suggests that,during the realization of China’s high-quality innovative development and the transformation of limited supply of agricultural labor force to scarce at the second Lewis turning point,we should encourage medium-sized and micro enterprises to use the overall remuneration,absorb agricultural labor force to provide high-quality innovative laborers,and achieve win-win of laborers,enterprises and dual economy.

关 键 词：劳动力有限供给 二元经济转化 中小微企业 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]