平菇发酵料装料接种一体机关键装置的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the key components of charging and inoculating integrated machine for Pleurotus ostreatus

作　　者：王明友 宋卫东 周德欢 解文强[2] 孙玉利[3] 王教领 丁天航 Wang Mingyou;Song Weidong;Zhou Dehuan;Xie Wenqiang;Sun Yuli;Wang Jiaoling;Ding Tianhang(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tangshan 063000,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [2]唐山市农业科学研究院,唐山063000 [3]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第1期12-21,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-20)”;国家重点研发计划-蔬菜优质轻简高效生产技术集成与示范(2020YFD1000300);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(S202108-02)。

摘　　要：针对当前平菇菌棒生产中的装料、接种单机作业效率低、稳定性差、用工多等难题,该研究结合平菇栽培料诱导灭菌发酵工艺与中心孔接种工艺,设计了一种适应玉米芯颗粒菌种的平菇发酵料装料接种一体机,整机主要由装料装置、窝口装置和接种装置等组成。首先根据菌棒制作中的装料量与接种量要求对整机的关键部件进行设计,确定装料绞龙、窝口槽型凸轮和接种凸轮等零部件的结构参数,然后以绞龙转速、绞龙直径和绞龙螺距为影响因素,装料生产率和装料密度为响应指标,通过响应曲面方法分析各因素交互作用影响,对回归模型进行多目标优化,得出平菇发酵料装料接种一体机装料质量的最优组合为:绞龙转速191.94 r/min,绞龙直径133.22 mm,绞龙螺距100.00 mm,此时,装料生产率723袋/h,装料密度537.27 kg/m^(3)。对优化参数进行生产验证,测得生产率为726袋/h,装料密度为536.25 kg/m^(3),与优化值相对误差分别为0.42%和0.19%。同时,测得接种电机转速在120 r/min时的接种量为132.33 g,接种变异系数为1.19%,满足发酵料中心孔菌种量不少于装料量5%的生产要求,接种装置的平均接种深度为242.5 mm,接种深度的变异系数为1.05%。与单机菌棒制作设备相比,平菇发酵料装料接种一体机生产率提高3倍,时间缩短2.4倍,人数减少4人,节省2道作业工序,满足北方地区平菇发酵料机械化生产对装备的需求。Pleurotus ostreatus has been one of the most widely cultivated and the largest edible fungi in China. Global production has been growing rapidly, due to simple cultivation, low cost, quick effect, high yield, and short cycle. According to the statistics of the China Edible Mushroom Association, the output of Pleurotus ostreatus in 2020 was 6.8647 million tons,accounting for 17.45% of the total output of edible fungi, indicating the third-largest cultivar in China. However, there is still a great challenge on the efficiency and stability in the current production of oyster mushroom cobs combined with the induction,sterilization, and fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material and the central-hole inoculation. Taking a corncob particle as the Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation material, this study aims to develop a strain charging and inoculating machine,particularly for the higher efficiency of single machine operation, high stability, and full automation. Three devices were mainly composed of a charger, a nest, and an inoculation device. The key components of the whole machine were designed,according to the requirements of the charging quality and inoculation amount in the production of bacterial sticks, thereby determining the structural parameters of the charging auger, the socket groove cam, and the inoculation cam. A response surface method was used to optimize the test factors, where the diameter of the auger and the pitch of the auger were the influencing factors, and the charging productivity and density were the response indicators. A regression mathematical model was established for the charging productivity and density. The response value of the rotation speed of the auger was obtained to determine the most significant impact. Furthermore, the inoculum amount of bacteria was measured under different inoculation electromechanical speeds. As such, the inoculum amount was 132.33 g, and the inoculation variation coefficient was 1.19 %, when the inoculation motor speed was 120 r/min, which satisfi

关 键 词：设计 试验 平菇 装料 接种 

分 类 号：S233.74[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S646.9[农业科学—农业工程]