不同种植模式下饲用燕麦与青贮玉米的生产性能及品质  

Analysis of the yield and nutritional quality of different forage planting patterns in the agricultural region of Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘岳华 李晓锋 刘伟[1] 姚明久 伍文丹 蒋旭东 唐祈林[2] 程明军 LIU Yuehua;LI Xiaofeng;LIU Wei;YAO Mingjiu;WU Wendan;JIANG Xudong;TANG Qilin;CHENG Mingjun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Pratacultural Technology Research and Extension Center,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Dazhou Forage Work Station,Dazhou 635000,Sichuan,China;Institute of Qinhai-Tibetan plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学草业科技学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学玉米研究所,四川成都611130 [3]四川草业技术研究推广中心,四川成都610041 [4]达州市饲草饲料工作站,四川达州635000 [5]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第3期538-550,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省科学技术厅引智成果示范推广项目(2020ZHYZ0006);四川省科学技术厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0466、2020YFN0031);四川饲草创新团队建设项目(sccxtd-2020-16)。

摘　　要：为充分挖掘四川地区丰富的水热资源,建立饲草料周年生产体系,进行了不同种植模式下青贮玉米(Zea mays)与饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)产量和品质的研究。结果表明:随播期延迟,燕麦和青贮玉米生育期均缩短。晚秋播种‘林纳’综合表现良好,可前作青贮玉米。青贮玉米播期为5月21日时,‘奥玉3628’表现最优,可作为两季青贮玉米轮作模式中的第一季饲草。播期为8月21日时,‘雅玉158’综合表现最好,可作为两季青贮玉米轮作模式中的第二季饲草。“青贮玉米‘奥玉3628’→青贮玉米‘雅玉158’→饲用燕麦‘林纳’”轮作模式下饲草全年生长时间长达339 d,全年干草产量高达48 905.15 kg·hm^(-2),粗蛋白产量达5 388.35 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于其他种植模式,具有良好的推广利用潜力。To fully exploit the abundant water and heat resources and establish an annual production system for forage grass in Sichuan Province, the yield and quality of forage grass under different planting patterns of silage maize(Zea mays) and forage oat(Avena sativa) were studied. The growth period of forage oat and silage maize was shortened with the delay in sowing date. The comprehensive performance of late autumn ‘Linna’ was good, which was associated with silage maize in rotation. When the sowing date of silage maize was May 21, 2019, ‘Aoyu 3628’ showed the best comprehensive performance and could be used as the first forage in the rotation pattern of two-season silage maize. When the sowing date was August 21,2019, ‘Yayu 158’ showed the best comprehensive performance and could be used as the second forage in the rotation pattern of two-season silage maize. The analysis of forage yield and quality with single cropping and rotation of forage oat and silage maize revealed that the annual growth period of “silage maize ‘Aoyu 3628’ → silage maize ‘Yayu 158’→ forage oat ‘Linna’” was up to 339 days;the annual forage yield was 48 905.15 kg·ha^(-1);and the crude protein yield was 5 388.35 kg·ha^(-1), all of which were significantly higher than the values obtained in other planting patterns. Therefore, this planting pattern presents great potential for popularization and implementation.

关 键 词：双季青贮玉米 生育期 单作 轮作 干草产量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学] S513S544.9