典型电解锌冶炼废渣重金属形态及环境效应研究  

Study on heavy metal forms and environmental effects of typical electrolytic zinc smelting slag

作　　者：黄祥 吴怡 彭晓曦 韩雨岐 侯江 雍毅 HUANG Xiang;WU Yi;PENG Xiaoxi;HAN Yuqi;HOU Jiang;YONG Yi(Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;Sichuan Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals,Chengdu Sichuan 610041)

机构地区：[1]四川省生态环境科学研究院,四川成都610041 [2]四川省环境保护重金属污染防治重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第3期342-349,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(No.2020YFS0439);四川省环境保护专项“长江经济带矿区废渣重金属污染综合防治技术研究与集成”。

摘　　要：电解锌冶炼废渣收集、转移、贮存与利用处置过程的环境管理是困扰铅锌冶炼行业的瓶颈问题之一。对典型电解锌冶炼各工艺段废渣及原矿中的重金属组成与赋存形态进行了研究,并在此基础上研究了废渣的环境效应和生物有效性。结果表明,典型电解锌冶炼原矿中存在高含量的Zn、Pb等重金属元素,各工艺段废渣中Zn、Pb、Cd和Mn等元素含量较高,且Mn、Zn、Cd大量以可交换态存在,生物有效性也较高,Pb以可还原态和残渣态为主。焙烧工艺段废渣中硅酸盐含量较高而电解工艺段废渣中硫酸盐含量较高。焙烧工艺段废渣中的Zn,浸出工艺段废渣中的Mn、Ni、Zn、Cd,净化工艺段废渣中的Mn、Ni、Zn、Cu、Cd和电解工艺段废渣中的Mn、Cd具有突出环境风险。The environmental management of collection,transfer,storage,utilization and disposal of electrolytic zinc smelting slag is one of the bottleneck problems perplexing lead-zinc smelting industry.The heavy metal composition and forms in the slag and raw ore in the typical electrolytic zinc smelting process were studied,and on this basis,the environmental effect and bioavailability were also analyzed.The results showed that there were high content of heavy metal elements such as Zn and Pb in raw ore and Zn,Pb,Cd and Mn in the typical electrolytic zinc slag.A large amount of Mn,Zn and Cd in the slag of each process existed in exchangable forms with high bioavailability.Pb mainly existed in reducible and residue forms.The high contents of silicate in roasting process slag and sulfate in electrolysis process slag were found.Zn in roasting process slag,Mn,Ni,Zn and Cd in leaching process slag,Mn,Ni,Zn,Cu and Cd in purification process slag,and Mn and Cd in electrolysis process slag had prominent environment risk.

关 键 词：电解锌 冶炼废渣 重金属形态 扫描电镜—X射线能谱 环境效应 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]