黄梁木与饲料桑混合青贮品质的研究  

The Study on the Quality of Mixed Silage of Neolamarckia cadamba and Mulberry Leaves

作　　者：张颖超 王一炜 王学凯 杨富裕[2] ZHANG Ying-chao;WANG Yi-wei;WANG Xue-kai;YANG Fu-yu(College of Life Sciences,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100193,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学生命科学学院,河北唐山063210 [2]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第3期98-104,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：华北理工大学生命科学学院2020年度学科提升计划“构树青贮专用优质乳酸菌筛选及鉴定”。

摘　　要：为探究黄梁木与饲料桑混贮的发酵品质和微生物多样性,以黄梁木和饲料桑单独青贮为对照组,设置黄梁木(原料或灭菌)与饲料桑不同比例混贮,共10个处理(黄梁木∶饲料桑为1∶9、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、9∶1;灭菌黄梁木∶饲料桑为1∶9、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、9∶1)。结果发现,黄梁木和饲料桑混合青贮后,pH值、乙酸、丙酸、氨态氮含量均显著降低,未检测到丁酸。未灭菌黄梁木∶饲料桑为3∶7及以上,或灭菌黄梁木∶饲料桑为5∶5及以上,青贮30d后乳酸含量较高,pH值(pH≤4.2)、乙酸、丙酸和氨态氮含量较低,未检测到丁酸,可达到优质青贮饲料品质。随着黄梁木在混贮中所占比例的增多,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)逐渐成为优势菌,未灭菌黄梁木∶饲料桑为3∶7时,乳杆菌属已成为优势菌。黄梁木灭菌对青贮pH值、乳酸、乙酸含量均影响显著;混贮比例相同时,灭菌黄梁木对青贮品质的提升更高;因此,提高混贮品质的主要因素是黄梁木所含物质。综上所述,黄梁木与饲料桑混贮可显著降低青贮pH值、提高乳酸含量,优化微生物种群,提高青贮品质,其中黄梁木∶饲料桑为3∶7为最适混贮比例。A total of 10 treatments were set in this study to investigate the fermentation quality and microbial diversity in the mixed silage of Neolamarckia cadamba and mulberry leaves,including mixed non-sterilized or sterilized N.cadamba and mulberry leaves with the ratio of 1∶9,3∶7,5∶5,7∶3,9∶1.The results showed that,compared with the mulberry silage,pH value and concentrations of acetic acid,propionic acid,and ammonia nitrogen were decreased significantly in the mixed silage,while butyric acid was not detected.After fermentation for 30 days,the high-quality silage can be obtained if the ratio of non-sterilized N.cadamba to mulberry leaves was 3∶7 or above,or the ratio of sterilized N.cadamba to mulberry leaves was 5∶5 or above.In this mixed silage,the lactic acid content was higher,the pH value(pH≤4.2),contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,and ammonia nitrogen were lower,and butyric acid was not detected.With the increase of the proportion of N.cadamba in mixed silages,Lactobacillus became the dominant strain when the proportion of N.cadamba and mulberry reach 3∶7.The sterilization of N.cadamba had a significant effect on the pH value and contents of lactic acid and acetic acid of silage.When the proportion of N.cadamba and mulberry leaves was the same in mixed silage,the sterilization of N.cadamba can improve the quality of silage.Therefore,the main factor in improving the silage quality was the substance contained in N.cadamba.In conclusion,mixed silage of N.cadamba and mulberry leaves can significantly improve the silage quality by reducing the pH value,increasing lactic acid content,and optimizing microbial diversity.The optimum mixed ratio of N.cadamba and mulberry leaves was 3∶7.

关 键 词：木本饲料 混贮 青贮品质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]