天水花牛苹果淀粉染色图谱的建立  

Establishment of starch atlas of Tianshui‘huaniu’apple

作　　者：尹健 颉敏华 吴小华[2,3] 王学喜[2,3] 陈柏 王彦淳[2,3] 王强强 张雯雯[1] YIN Jian;XIE Minhua;WU Xiaohua;WANG Xuexi;CHEN Bai;WANG Yanchun;WANG Qiangqiang;ZHANG Wenwen(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省果蔬贮藏加工技术创新中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第6期176-182,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省现代水果产业技术体系项目(GARS-SG-1);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0401302)。

摘　　要：【目的】以天水地区主栽的俄矮2号和首红苹果为试验材料,为天水地区花牛苹果采收期的判断提供参考依据.【方法】测定了各品种生长成熟过程中品质指标和成熟衰老指标,对各采收期苹果果实横切面进行了淀粉染色照相并建立了淀粉—碘染色图谱.【结果】随着采收日期的推移,俄矮2号和首红的果实硬度、可滴定酸含量和抗坏血酸含量均呈整体下降趋势,可溶性固形物含量呈整体上升趋势;两个品种苹果的呼吸速率整体均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,乙烯释放速率和丙二醛含量呈现整体上升趋势.苹果成熟过程中,淀粉指数与果实硬度和可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关,与可溶性固形物含量和抗坏血酸含量呈显著正相关.随着采收日期的推移,俄矮2号和首红的淀粉指数均呈整体上升趋势,并应在淀粉染色等级为3.5(即9月27日,盛花后147 d)采收.【结论】研究结果为天水花牛俄矮2号和首红苹果最佳采收期提供了依据.【Objective】The research was conducted for the purpose of providing reference to the judgment of harvest time of Huaniu apple in Tianshui.【Method】The Oregon Spur 2 and Red Chief Delicious apples were employed as experimental materials,and the quality index and aging index of each variety were determined in the process of growth and ripening of apple fruits.The starch-iodine staining map was established through staining the cross section of apple fruits with starch in each harvest period.【Result】With harvest date postponed,the fruit hardness,the content of both titratable acid and ascorbic acid in fruits of the two varieties showed an overall downward trend,while the soluble-solid content showed an overall upward trend.In addition,the respiration rate of the fruits increased first and then decreased,and the ethylene-release rate and malondialdehyde content increased as a whole.The starch index was negatively correlated with fruit firmness and titratable acid content,and positively correlated with both soluble-solid and ascorbic-acid contents.the starch indexes of fruits for the two varieties showed an overall upward trend with harvest date postponed,and the fruits should be harvested when the grade of starch dyeing was 3.5(i.e.September 27,147 days after full flowering).【Conclusion】The research provided data support for the judgment of harvest time of Oregon Spur 2 and Red Chief Delicious apples.

关 键 词：花牛俄矮2号苹果 花牛首红苹果 染色图谱 采收期 淀粉—碘染色法 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]