环境DNA技术在水生入侵生物监测中的应用  

Application of Environmental DNA Technologies in Monitoring Aquatic Invasive Species

作　　者：林渊源 赵峥[1,2] Lin Yuanyuan;Zhao Zheng(Kunming Dianchi Lake Environmental Protection Collaborative Research Center,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;Academician Workstation for Ecological Health Assessment and Rehabilitation of Rivers and Lakes in Kunming,Kunming 650214,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明滇池(湖泊)污染防治合作研究中心,昆明学院,昆明650214 [2]昆明市河湖生态健康评估与修复院士工作站,昆明650214

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2021年第6期1-12,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：云南省“万人计划”青年拔尖人才专项。

摘　　要：生物入侵严重威胁入侵地的生态系统平衡及社会经济发展和公众健康,已日益成为全球性最重大的生态环境问题之一。外来生物的早期监测和预警对防控外来生物入侵、维护生态系统平衡和保护环境具重要意义。但外来水生生物,得益于其形体微小、形态多变等生理生态特性,与陆生外来生物相比隐蔽性更强、更易扩散,通常难以及时监测和有效防控,正严重威胁着水生生态系统的健康与稳定,其早期监测和预警更加迫切也更具技术挑战。环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)技术通过检测环境样品中的DNA来解析生物物种组成及丰度,可实现生物物种的高效鉴别及多生物群落监测,与耗时费力的传统形态学生物监测相比,具低耗、高效、高灵敏度及对生物体无损伤等特点,其在外来水生生物监测方面具有十分广阔的应用前景。本文总结了eDNA技术在水生入侵生物监测研究中的应用实例;从eDNA的获取、条形码区域的PCR扩增和数据分析3个方面探讨了eDNA技术实施的方案、关键步骤;最后对促进其在水生生物入侵风险预警应用的方向及前景进行了展望。Biological invasion has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,which severely destroy the balance of ecosystem,and affect the socioeconomic development and public health.Early monitoring and warning of aquatic invasive species are of great significance for preventing and controlling biological invasions,maintaining the balance of ecosystem and protecting the environment.Aquatic invasive species,however,due to its physiological and ecological characteristics such as small size,changeable forms,are easier to conceal and spread compared with terrestrial species,which will threat the health and stability of aquatic ecosystem.Hence,monitoring aquatic invasive species is urgent and challenging.Environmental DNA(eDNA)technologies detect the existence and abundance of species and monitor biodiversity efficiently through analyzing the DNA in environmental samples.Compared with routine monitoring using traditional methods,eDNA monitoring has the characteristics of low consumption,high efficiency,high sensitivity and no damage to organisms,and has a very broad application prospect in the monitoring of aquatic invasive species.In this review,the applications of eDNA technologies in monitoring aquatic invasive species are summarized firstly.Then,the implementation scheme and key steps of eDNA technologies are discussed,including acquisition of eDNA,PCR amplification of barcoding region and data analysis.Finally,the directions of promoting its application in early monitoring and warning of aquatic invasive species are prospected.

关 键 词：EDNA 水生入侵生物监测 (宏)条形码技术 实施流程 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]