欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)  

Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe,America and Japan(Part 1)

作　　者：王蕾 汪贞 古文 范德玲 周林军 刘济宁 石利利 Wang Lei;Wang Zhen;Gu Wen;Fan Deling;Zhou Linjun;Liu Jining;Shi Lili(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2021年第6期26-36,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1801502)。

摘　　要：化学物质源排放评估是环境风险评估的首要步骤,环境排放场景作为源排放评估的重要技术工具,已在欧美日等发达国家和地区广泛应用。本文结合化学物质环境风险评估技术相关要求,系统解析了欧美日化学物质环境排放场景框架,深入阐述了基于排放场景的源排放评估方法。在整个技术体系方面,欧美是化学品环境排放评估的先行者,相应的技术和模型更加丰富,评估结果更趋精细化;日本则在欧盟的基础上采取相对简化的保守评估方法,缺少高层级的精细化排放评估模型。在具体排放评估技术方面,基于模型的排放评估场景是各国重点发展和依托的手段。借鉴发达国家成功经验,建立并完善排放评估场景体系必将成为我国化学物质环境风险管理的重要内容。To estimate the source emission is the first step of the chemical environmental risk assessment.As an important technical tool for the source release estimation,environmental emission scenarios have been widely applied in developed countries or regions,such as European Union(EU),USA and Japan.In consideration of the technical requirement of the chemical environmental risk assessment,the frame of environmental emission scenarios in EU,USA and Japan was systematically analyzed.Regards to the overall frame,the corresponding technologies and models of EU and USA are more abundant,and their assessment results are more refined.Japan,on the other hand,adopts a relatively simplified conservative assessment method based on that of EU,lacking a high-level refined emission assessment model.In terms of specific emission assessment technologies,model-based emission assessment scenarios are the key tools in the developed countries.Establishing and perfecting the emission assessment scenario system based on the experience of developed countries will become an important content of environmental risk management of chemicals in China.

关 键 词：化学物质 源排放 环境排放场景 环境风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]